桜井清香（さくらい-きよか）『米騒動絵巻』二巻 「泥江（ひじえ）橋付近カブトビール前」（徳川美術館所蔵（名古屋市） ©徳川美術館イメージアーカイブ/DNPartcom）
Sakurai Kiyoka "Rice Riot Picture Scroll" Volume 2 "In front of Kabuto Beer near Hizie Bridge" (Tokugawa Art Museum Collection (Nagoya city) © Tokugawa Art Museum Image Archive / DNPartcom)
桜井清香は、『源氏物語絵巻』（国宝・徳川美術館所蔵）の昭和復元模写を完成した日本画家です。清香は、記録に残すため名古屋米騒動の１か月後からスケッチを始めました。
Sakurai Kiyoka is a Japanese-style painter who completed the Showa fukugen mosha (restoration duplicate) of "Genji monogatari emaki" (National treasure "the Illustrated Handscroll of the Tale of Genji" in the Tokugawa Art Museum). Kiyoka started sketching one month after the rice riots in Nagoya to keep a record.
2021.3.19 update
大正7(1918)年の名古屋米騒動の時の泥江町には南北方向(『米騒動』絵巻では右側が北、左側が南)に江川という川があった。絵巻の画像の右側に、江川にかかる泥江(ひじえ)橋があった。江川の西側には市電の線路が見える。
絵巻の右方向(北側)に米屋町があり、米屋町の中核が米穀取引所であった。８月12日、鶴舞(つるま)公園や市内からの群衆は、米穀取引所をめざし、泥江橋付近で、警備にあたっていた警官隊や陸軍と衝突を繰り返した。
現在は、線路は撤去され、江川は埋め立てられて道路になっている。左右方向(南北方向)の片側3車線の道路が名古屋市道の江川線である。高架は、名古屋高速(都心環状Ｃ１)である。
2023.12.30更新
At the time of the Nagoya Rice Riots in 1918, there was a river called Egawa in the north-south direction (in the illustrated scroll of ``Rice Riot Picture Scroll'', north is on the right and south is on the left). To the right of the picture scroll image was the Hizie Bridge spanning the Egawa River. The streetcar tracks can be seen on the west side of Egawa.
To the right (north side) of the picture scroll was Koneya-cho, and the core of Koneya-cho was the rice exchange. On August 12, crowds from Tsuruma Park and the city headed for the Rice Exchange and repeatedly clashed with the police and army guarding the area near Doe Bridge.
Currently, the tracks have been removed and Egawa has been reclaimed and turned into a road. The road with three lanes on each side in the left-right direction (north-south direction) is the Nagoya City Road Egawa Line. The elevated area is the Nagoya Expressway (Central Ring C1).
Updated on 2023.12.30
「米騒動１００年」 ー宇部炭鉱・山口県の米騒動の研究と教育の総合サイトー
"100th anniversary of the rice riot" ― A comprehensive site for study and education on the rice riot in Ube coal mine and Yamaguchi prefecture ―
はじめに Introduction
２０１８年は１９１８年（大正７）に米騒動が発生してから１００年めにあたります。このホームページは米騒動の研究と教育の融合をめざして作成しました。今後も随時更新します。
2018 is the 100th year since the rice riots occurred in 1918 (Taisho 7). This homepage was created with the aim of integrating research and education in the rice riots. I will update it from time to time.
《米騒動の歴史的位置と歴史的意義》
大正７年米騒動は、近代最大の民衆行動で、この結果、「非立憲」の寺内正毅内閣が米騒動の責任を取って総辞職し、最初の本格的政党内閣の原敬内閣が成立しました。すなわち、米騒動は、いわゆる「大正デモクラシー」の出発点であり、今日の民主主義の先駆ともなる位置にあります。「大正デモクラシー」は、政治的には、政党内閣制（大正7年・1918）と男子普通選挙法の制定（大正14年・1925）のことを意味します。吉野作造は、天皇主権下にあったため、これを「民本主義」と表現しました。
戦後の日本の骨格を決めたのは、ポツダム宣言の「非軍事化」と「民主化」の日本であり、それを具体化した日本国憲法です。ポツダム宣言には、「日本国政府ハ日本国国民ノ間ニ於ケル民主主義的傾向ノ復活強化ニ対スル一切ノ障礙（ショウガイ）ヲ除去スベシ」とあります。「民主主義的傾向ノ復活」とは「大正デモクラシー」の復活を指していると考えます。戦後民主主義は、「大正デモクラシー」のベースがあったので、順調に発展することができたと考えます。このことから、管理者は、米騒動の歴史的意義は「大正デモクラシー」と今日の民主主義の出発点にあると考えます。
「大正デモクラシー」は国民の間に浸透しないまま、昭和恐慌（昭和5年・1930）・満州事変（昭和6年・1931）を契機に守勢に追い込まれていきます。二・二六事件（昭和11年・1936）で天皇制軍国主義国家体制（国体）が確立し、国際連盟を脱退（昭和8年・1933）した日本は国際的孤立と総力戦の道を歩みました。日本が中国を侵略したことにより始まった日中戦争（昭和12年・1937）は中国人民の抵抗で長期化しました。日本は、日中戦争を打開するため、資源を求めてアジア太平洋戦争（昭和16年・1941）を開始しました。この結果、昭和20年（1945）8月15日に「大日本帝国」は壊滅しました。
戦後日本の民主主義はここから出発しており、今後も民主主義を発展させ、同じ過ちを繰り返してはなりません。
《The historical position and historical significance of the rice riots》
The rice riots in 1918 was the biggest behavior of the public in modern times. As a result, the "non-constitutional" Terauchi Masatake Cabinet resigned in a body to take responsibility for the rice riots and Hara Takasi cabinet, a first full scale political party cabinet, was established. In other words, the rice riots is the starting point of the so-called "Taisho democracy" and is at the pioneering position of democracy today. "Taisho democracy" means politically the political party cabinet system (Taisho 7/1918) and the enactment of the Men’s Popular Election Law (Taisho 14/1925). Yoshino Sakuzo called this "Minpon-shugi" because the era was under the emperor's sovereignty.
The framework of Japan after World War II was determined by the "Demilitarization" and "Democratization" of the Potsdam Declaration, and the Japanese Constitution that embodies that. The Potsdam Declaration states that “the Japanese government shall remove all obstacles to the revival and strengthening of democratic tendencies among the Japanese people”. I consider that “the revival of democratic tendencies” refers to the rebirth of "Taisho democracy". I consider that postwar democracy could develop smoothly because it had a base of "Taisho Democracy". From this, I consider the historical significance of the rice riots to be the starting point of "Taisho democracy" and today's democracy.
"Taisho democracy" didn't permeate among the people, and was driven to the defensive by the Showa Depression (Showa5/1930) and the Manchurian incident (Showa6/1931). The Emperor Military State System ("Kokutai") was established in the February 26th Incident ("Ni-niroku-jiken" Showa11/1936), and Japan, which has left the League of Nations（Showa8/1933), took the path of international isolation and total war. The Japanese-Chinese war (Showa12/1937), which began when Japan invaded China, was lengthened by the resistance of Chinese people. To break the Japanese-Chinese war Japan began the Asia-Pacific War (Showa16/1941) in search of resources. As a result, "the Empire of Japan " was destroyed on August 15, 1945.
Democracy in Postwar Japan has started from here, and we must continue to develop democracy. We never make the same mistake.
2020.4.29更新
《ホームページ作成の目的と生徒の皆さんの活用》
このＨＰは、宇部村（宇部炭鉱）と山口県内の１９１８年（大正７）米騒動の研究と教育を中心に構成しています。このＨＰ作成の目的の一つは、学校で学んでいる富山県だけでなく、宇部村や山口県内各地でも米騒動が発生していることを広く知ってもらうことです。
目次に【生徒】とあるページは生徒の皆さんが学習できるページです。このページの内容は、高校生を基準に考え、高校生が理解しやすいように努めます。教員対象のページや一般・研究者向けのページもあります。
新学習指導要領は、中学校は2021（Ｒ３）年度から全面実施され、高校は2022（Ｒ４）年度から年次進行で実施されます。歴史の授業方法としてアクティブ・ラーニング（主体的・対話的で深い学び）という問題解決学習が今まで以上に重視されます。また授業内容として、地域学習を日本史や世界史に連関させて学習することで歴史を身近に、より深く理解することが大切になります。このＨＰがその一助になれば幸せます。
また、研究にもとづく地域学習教材を開発・提供することも目的にしています。当ＨＰは教材として自由に活用できますし、現在、管理者が作成した高校日本史Ｂの学習指導案・４案（近代・古代）（クリック・内部リンク）を掲載しています。地域の米騒動の研究と教育を進めるとともに、他の地域研究・地域教材開発グループとの連携をはかりたいと考えています。
《問題の所在と研究課題》
１９１８年８月１８日午後８時１０分、船木警察署宇部警察分署に引致された仲間の釈放を求めて押し出した鉱夫らに軍隊が実包発射して１３名が死亡しました。米騒動では全国で３３名が死亡したと推定されますので、その４割は宇部分署前の死者です。他の米騒動の死者は多くとも４名ですから、宇部村の米騒動の死者数は全国的にも異例であり、究明が必要と考えます。今年（2024年）の８月１８日は発砲後１０６年目にあたります。この事件の真相追究は、管理者の研究の動機でもあり、研究課題でもあります。
《高等学校学習指導要領の改訂と地歴科の動向》
２０１８年３月に次期高等学校学習指導要領（クリック・内部リンク）が公表され、地歴科（日本史・世界史・地理）は大改編がおこなわれました。この改編は、今後の教育課程（カリキュラム）（クリック・内部リンク）、授業内容・方法（学習指導案）、大学入試（クリック・内部リンク）などに大きな影響を与えることになります（新学習指導要領に基づく大学入学共通テストは令和７年度入試｛２０２５年１月実施｝からです（クリック・内部リンク））。この改編と影響に管理者は関心（問題点も含む）と期待感を持っています。中学・大学の授業とも連関する、高校地歴科（主に日本史）の動向に注目して関連のページを作成し、更新していきます。
（2023.2.25更新）
<< Purpose of creating a homepage and how to use it for students >>
This HP is mainly composed of research and education of the rice riots of 1918 (Taisho 7) in Ube Village (Ube Coal Mine) and Yamaguchi Prefecture. One of the purposes of creating this website is to make people aware that rice riots are occurring not only in Toyama prefecture, where they are studying at school, but also in Ube village and various parts of Yamaguchi prefecture.
The page with [Student] in the table of contents is a page that students can study. The content of this page is based on high school students and strives to be easy for high school students to understand. There are also pages for faculty members and pages for general and researchers.
The new junior high school and high school curriculum guidelines course of study will be fully implemented in junior high school from FY 2021 (R3), and will be implemented annually progression in high school from FY 2022 (R4). Problem-based learning called active learning (independent, interactive, and deep learning) is more important than ever as a history lesson method. In addition, as a lesson content, it is important to understand history more closely and deeply by studying regional learning in relation to Japanese history and world history. I would be happy if this HP helps.
It also aims to develop and provide research-based community learning materials. This HP can be freely used as a teaching material, and currently, 4 plans (modern / ancient) (click / internal link) of the learning guidance plan of high school Japanese history B created by the administrator are posted. We would like to collaborate with other area studies and teaching material development groups in order to promote research and education on the rice riot in the region.
<< Location of problems and research issues >>
At 8:10 pm on August 18, 1918, 13 people were killed when the army fired live ammunition at the miners etc. who pushed out to release their fellows who were detained to the Ube Branch Police Station of the Funaki Police Station. It is estimated that 33 people have died in the rice riots nationwide, and 40% of them are dead in front of the Ube Branch Police Station. Since the death toll of other rice riots is at most four, the number of deaths from the rice riots in Ube Village is unusual nationwide, and I think it is necessary to investigate. August 18th of this year (2022) is the 104rd year after the firing. The truth-finding of this case is both a motivation for the administrator's research and a research subject.
《Revision of High School Curriculum Guidelines , and Trends in Geographical History Department》
In March 2018, the next high school curriculum guidelines (click / internal link) were announced, and the Geographical History Department (Japanese history, world history, geography) was significantly reorganized. This reorganization will have a great impact on future curriculum (click / internal link), lesson content / method (learning guidance plan), university entrance examination (click / internal link), etc. (University entrance common tests based on the new Curriculum Guidelines for high school will be available from the 7th year of Reiwa entrance examination {implemented in January 2025}.（click/internal link）) Administrators are interested in (including problems) and expectation for this reorganization and impact. I will create and update related pages focusing on trends of high school the Geographical History Department (mainly Japanese history), which are related to junior high school and university classes.
(2023.2.25update)
「海の底からの米騒動」 "Rice riot from the bottom of the sea"
『宇部・美祢・山陽小野田 大人の社会派ツアー 産業観光バスツアー（クリック・外部リンク）』「宇部港工場見学クルーズと「セメントの道」 船からの工場群見学と宇部興産専用道路」に参加して撮影。
"Ube / Mine / Sanyo Onoda Adult Social Tour Industrial Sightseeing Bus Tour (Click / External Link)". Taken by participating in "Ube Port Factory Tour Cruise and "Cement Road", Factory Group Tour from Ship, and Ube Kosan Exclusive Road".
ＨＰのすべての画像は画像上をクリックすると拡大します。
Click on the image to enlarge all the images on the HP.
宇部村の炭鉱の開発は陸上からはじまり、大規模で機械化が進んだ海底炭鉱に発展していきました。宇部湾海底には全面に坑道が張り巡らされ、坑道は沖合海底に伸びていきました。坑道掘削や選炭で出る岩石廃棄物を「ぼた」といい、ぼた山が作られますが、宇部の海底炭鉱では埋め立てに使ったためぼた山は見られません。宇部の米騒動に参加した９割以上は海底炭鉱で働く労働者で、「海の底からの米騒動」とよぶことができます。
2023.2.25更新
The development of the Ube village coal mine began on land and developed into a large-scale, mechanized submarine coal mine. Coal mine tunnels was laid all over the seabed of Ube Bay, and the tunnels gradually extended to the offshore seabed. The rock waste produced by tunnel excavation and coal preparation is called ``bota''(slag), and it forms ``botayama''(slag heaps). However, the Ube seabed coal mine was used for land reclamation, so no``botayama'' can be seen. More than 90% of the workers who participated in the rice riot in Ube are workers working in the submarine coal mine, and can be called "rice riot from the bottom of the sea".
Updated 2023.2.25
《２度殺された鉱夫》
宇部の米騒動で、鉱夫らが仲間の釈放を求めて船木警察署宇部分署に押しかけたところを１３名が陸軍に射殺されました（鉱夫らが携帯していたのは棍棒です）。
陸軍は世論の反発を畏れました。そこで、「某陸軍當局」は、陸軍は、鉱夫が爆弾を投げたために正当防衛で射殺したと談話しました。鉱夫が爆弾を投げたという談話は捏造です。
『大阪朝日新聞』『東京朝日新聞』『報知新聞』の３紙がこの発信者不明の談話を記事にしました。このため、鉱夫の爆弾投擲が歴史的事実化しました。現在、近現代史の第一人者までが、鉱夫らが「ダイナマイト」を使用したと記述しています（執筆者と岩波新書は記述の誤りを認め、重版での訂正を約束しました。訂正時期と訂正内容は不明です）。
鉱夫らは、最初は陸軍に射殺され、次に、陸軍の捏造、大新聞・歴史学者の記載による事実無根の不当な扱いを受け、２度殺されています。
この状況を正さなければ、鉱夫らは、爆弾を投げつけるという非人間的な行動をとったために射殺された集団として、人格を歴史により否定され、死んでも死にきれないと考えます。
鉱夫らが爆弾を投げつけたと捏造しなければ射殺を正当化できない、陸軍の実弾発射こそが非人間的であったはずです。
陸軍の大新聞を利用した情報操作による歴史の逆転を許してはなりません。
《Miners were killed twice》
In Ube rice riot, thirteen miners etc. were shot dead by the Army when they rushed to Ube branch of Funaki police station in search of fellow miners’ release (what the miners etc. had was a club only).
The Army feared public opposition. So, "a certain Army official " discoursed that the Army shot dead in a legitimate defense after the miners threw a bomb. The discourse that the miners threw the bomb is fabrication.
The Osaka Asahi Shimbun, the Tokyo Asahi Shimbun, and the Hochi Shimbun, wrote articles about this discourse of unknown caller. For this reason, miners throwing bombs has become a historical fact. Currently, even the leading figures in modern history describe that miners used "dynamite". (The author and Iwanami Shinsho acknowledged the error and promised to make corrections in reprints. The timing and details of the corrections are unknown.)
The miners etc. were killed twice. First, miners etc. shot dead by the Army, next, they were killed by the Army's fabrications and the unjustified treatment groundlessly described by major newspapers and historians.
If this situation is not corrected, personality of miners etc. are denied by history as a group that was shot dead because of their inhuman actions of throwing bombs, and I think they can't die even if they die.
The Army justified the shooting by fabrication that miners had thrown bombs. What the Army fired live ammunition is exactly inhuman.
Do not forgive the Army to reverse history by manipulating information using major newspapers.
2020.5.25更新
《参考》なぜ陸軍は『東京朝日新聞』と『報知新聞』に捏造した情報を伝えたのだろうか？
現在の日本の学生スポーツの中で最もテレビファンの多い夏の甲子園大会は1915（大正４）年に『大阪朝日新聞』（以下『大朝（だいちょう）』）が創設しました。また、正月の箱根駅伝は1920（Ｔ９）年に『報知新聞』（以下『報知』）が協力して実現しました。現在、夏の甲子園大会は『朝日新聞』・高野連が主催し、箱根駅伝は関東学生陸上競技連盟が主催して『讀賣新聞』が共催しています。
『東京朝日新聞』（以下『東朝（とうちょう）』）は、『大朝』が東京の新聞を買収して創刊した新聞（夏目漱石が小説記者であったことは有名です）です。1940（昭和15）年に『大朝』と共に『朝日新聞』に改題しました。また、『報知』は1942（Ｓ17）年に新聞統合で『讀賣新聞』と合併して『讀賣報知』となりました。戦後、『報知』は独立しましたが、その後、『讀賣新聞』傘下の『スポーツ報知』となりました。
大正期は、1920（Ｔ９）年に義務教育（６年間）就学率が99％を超えて識字率が高まり、中等・高等教育機関も増えました。経済発展により東京、大阪を中心に都市中間層が増大したことなどを背景にして、新聞の購読部数が飛躍的に増加した時代でした。1920年代には『大朝』『大阪毎日新聞』（以下『大毎（だいまい）』）の発行部数が70～80万部、『報知』『東朝』は20～30万部に達しました。新聞は、明治時代は政治中心の新聞でしたが、政治、外交、経済、社会、文化面を総合した新聞が中心となり、大衆化しました。
米騒動期の東京では「東京五大新聞」（東京日日新聞、時事新報、國民新聞、東京朝日新聞、報知新聞）が部数を拡大し、『報知』は東京で最も売れていた新聞でした。全国最大の発行部数の新聞は大阪の『大朝』であり、東京の『東朝』は『大朝』系列の新聞でした。
陸軍が東京で『報知』と『東朝』の記者を選んで鉱夫の爆弾投擲の捏造談話をしたのはこうした状況を反映したものと推察します。すなわち、陸軍は、東京と大阪の最大の新聞に働きかけて世論操作を企図したと解せます。
現在の夏の甲子園（兵庫県西宮市）大会の出発点である「第１回全国中等学校優勝野球大会」は、1915（Ｔ４）年、大阪府の豊中（とよなか）グランドで始まりました。『大朝』の村山龍平（むらやま-りょうへい）社長が開会式の始球式を行いました。
1918（Ｔ７）年８月の第４回大会は、各地区の14代表校は決定して鳴尾（なるお）球場（現西宮市）に集合していました。しかし、大阪、神戸で米騒動が激化したため全国大会は直前に延期された後、中止されました。
米騒動期の『大朝』は寺内内閣倒閣運動の先頭に立ち、シベリア出兵に反対し、政府の米価政策を批判して米騒動を発生させた内閣の責任を追及していました。このため、大阪府警察の新聞検閲官は「大朝」の記事を注意深く見守っていました。その後、『大朝』は、1918（Ｔ７）年８月26日付の夕刊（25日発行）で、校正ミスにより、「白虹（はくこう）日（ひ）を貫（つらぬ）けり」と記載しました。「白虹日を貫く」とは内乱の予兆のことです。
『大朝』は、当局による新聞紙法違反の適用による発行禁止の危機に直面し、購読者からは不買運動が起こりました。さらに、村山社長が黒龍会員に襲撃されるという事件が起こりました。この危機を乗り切るため、村山社長は退陣し、鳥居素川（とりい-そせん）編集局長、長谷川如是閑（はせがわ-にょぜかん）社会部長（中等学校優勝野球大会企画）は退社しました。これを「白虹（はっこう）事件」といいます。
『大朝』は国家権力の言論弾圧に屈服し、これ以後、「民衆・新聞社」対「権力」という図式はなくなったと指摘されています。このことは、日本がデモクラシーを敷衍できずファシズム化（天皇制軍国主義国家体制（国体））した一つの要因となったと考えます。
宇部炭鉱の鉱夫が爆弾を投擲したという記事は、1918（Ｔ７）年８月23日に『大朝』（『東朝』からの情報）、『東朝』、『報知』の三紙に掲載されました。この時期『大朝』は、民衆の要求と協働して寺内内閣を倒そうとしていましたが、一方で、陸軍と結びついて宇部村の射殺の正当性を報道しました。民衆の活動が活発化した大正期に世論の動向に大きな影響を与えた『大朝』は、社内での編集方針の対立や権力との向き合い方で複雑な事情があったことが窺えます。
「白虹事件」以後の『大朝』は、中立を意味する「不偏不党」の方針に転換し、反権力の姿勢を失いました。この後、満州事変では、協調外交の民政党内閣が不拡大方針を執ったにもかかわらず、有力各紙は関東軍の行動を支持・賛美することで世論を扇動し、部数を拡大しました。
戦前最後の政党内閣となった犬養毅内閣の反対を無視して関東軍は満州国を建国（1932（Ｓ７）年３月）しました。このため犬養は首相官邸で射殺されました（五・一五事件1932（Ｓ７）年）。このとき犬養が海軍青年将校を説得しようとした「話せばわかる」はデモクラシーを、青年将校が叫んだ「問答無用」はファシズムを象徴することばという指摘があります。この事件は、「大正デモクラシー」からファシズムへの転換点となりました。
『大朝』『大毎』外130社は関東軍が建国した満州国を承認する共同宣言を出し（1932（Ｓ７）年12月）、国際連盟脱退（1933（Ｓ８）年３月）を支持しました。アジア太平洋戦争でも新聞は軍部に協力し、たとえば大敗したミッドウェー海戦を勝利と喧伝するような大本営発表を報道しました。
アジア太平洋戦争は中国（2100万人死亡。1985年発表）をはじめとするアジア太平洋地域の人々に惨禍をもたらした。日本国民は、総力戦になったため内地・外地で、一般、兵士合わせて約310万人が戦没しました。戦争の被害・加害問題は現在も継続しており、戦争の傷跡もまだ癒えていません。また、国際的な課題（領土問題、慰安婦・徴用工問題など）も残っています。
1945（Ｓ20）年８月15日、日本は、今度は一夜にしてファシズムからデモクラシーにコペルニクス的転回をしました。日本国民がこの社会政治体制の転換を受け入れることは容易ではなかったと推察します。なぜこうなってしまったのかは、ペリー来航以後の日本近代史（1853～1945年）を学び考えなければわかりません。その意味で2022（令和４）年度から導入予定の近現代史中心の必履修科目「歴史総合」が果たす役割は大きいと考えます。
また、現在地における新聞、テレビ、ネット等のジャーナリズムは、権力に迎合し、経営を優先して世論をミスリードすることで日本を壊滅させる一翼を担った歴史を真摯に反省しなければなりません。その上で、ジャーナリズムは未来に責任をもって職責を果たさなければなりません。
2021.2.6更新
<< Reference >> Why did the Army convey the forged information to the "Tokyo Asahi Shimbun" and "Hochi Shimbun"?
The summer Koshien tournament, which has the most TV fans in Japan's current student sports, was founded in 1915 (T4) by the Osaka Asahi Shimbun (hereinafter referred to as "Daicho"). And the New Year's Hakone Ekiden was realized in 1920 (T9) by the "Hochi Shimbun" (hereinafter "Hochi") in cooperation with student activities. Currently, the summer Koshien tournament is sponsored by the Asahi Shimbun and Koyaren, and the Hakone Ekiden is sponsored by the Kanto Student Athletics Federation and co-sponsored by the Yomiuri Shimbun.
"Tokyo Asahi Shimbun" (hereinafter "Toucho") is a newspaper that "Daicho" acquired the newspaper in Tokyo and launched (it is famous that Natsume Soseki was a novel reporter). In 1940 (S15), "Tocho" merged with "Daicho" and both newspapers were renamed to "Asahi Shimbun". And, in 1942 (S17), "Hochi" was merged with "Yomiuri Shimbun" to become "Yomiuri-Hochi" due to the policy of integrating newspapers. After the war, "Hochi" became independent, but after that, it became "Sports Hochi" under the umbrella of "Yomiuri Shimbun".
In the Taisho era, the enrollment rate for compulsory education (6 years) exceeded 99% in 1920 (Taisho 9), and the literacy rate increased, and the number of secondary and higher education institutions increased. It was an era when the number of newspaper subscriptions increased dramatically against the backdrop of an increase in the middle class of cities centered on Tokyo and Osaka due to economic development. In the 1920s, the circulation of "Daicho" and "Osaka Mainichi Shimbun" (hereinafter "Daimai") reached 700,000 to 800,000, and that of "Hochi" and "Tocho" reached 200,000 to 300,000. In the Meiji era, newspapers focused on politics, but in the Taisho era, newspapers that integrated politics, diplomacy, economy, society, and culture became popular.
In Tokyo during the rice riot period, the "Tokyo Five Major Newspapers" (Tokyo NichiNichi Shinbun, Jiji Shinpo, Kokumin Shinbun, Tokyo Asahi Shinbun, Hochi Shinbun) expanded the number of copies, and "Hochi" was the best-selling newspaper in Tokyo. In addition, the newspaper with the largest circulation in Japan was "Daicho" in Osaka, and "Tocho" in Tokyo was a newspaper affiliated with "Daicho".
It is speculated that the fact that the Army selected reporters for "Hochi" and "Tocho" in Tokyo and talked with fabrication of the bomb throwing of miners reflected this situation. In other words, it can be understood that the Army attempted to manipulate public opinion by working on the largest newspapers in Tokyo and Osaka.
The starting point of the current summer Koshien (Nishinomiya City, Hyogo Prefecture) tournament, "the 1st National High School Baseball Championship," began in 1915 (Taisho 4) at Toyonaka Grand in Osaka Prefecture. President Murayama Ryohei of "Daicho" held the ceremonial opening pitch at the opening ceremony.
At the 4th tournament in August 1918 (T7), 14 representative schools in each district were decided and gathered at Naruo Stadium (currently Nishinomiya City). However, due to the intensified rice riots in Osaka and Kobe, the national tournament was postponed just before and then canceled.
During the rice riots, "Daicho" led a movement to overthrow the Terauchi Cabinet, opposed the Siberian intervention, criticized the government's rice price policy, and pursued the responsibility of the cabinet that caused the rice riots. Therefore, the newspaper censors of the Osaka Prefectural Police carefully watched the article of "Daicho". Then, the article of "Daicho" was described in the evening edition (issued on 25th) (T7) dated August 26, 1918, as "A white rainbow penetrate the sun" due to a proofreading error. "A white rainbow penetrate the sun" is a sign of civil war.
"Daicho" faced a crisis of issuance ban due to the application of newspaper law violations by the authorities, and boycotts of subscribers occurred. In addition, an incident occurred in which President Murayama was attacked by a member of Kokuryukai. In order to survive this crisis, President Murayama resigned, and Torii Sosen of managing editor and Hasegawa Nyozekan of social director (secondary school championship baseball tournament planning) left the company. This is called the "White Rainbow Incident".
"Daicho" has succumbed to the suppression of speech by the state power, and since then, it has been pointed out that the diagram of "people / newspapers" vs. "power" conflict has disappeared. I think that this was one of the reasons why Japan could not extend democracy and became an inclination toward fascism (emperor system militarism national system (national polity)).
The article that the miner of the Ube coal mine threw a bomb was published on August 23, 1918 (T7) in three newspapers, "Daicho" (information from "Tocho"), "Tocho", and "Hochi". During this period, "Daicho" was trying to defeat the Terauchi Cabinet in collaboration with the demands of the people, but on the other hand, it was linked with the Army and reported the legitimacy of the shooting at Ube village. It can be seen that "Daicho", which had a great influence on the trend of public opinion during the Taisho era when the activities of the people became active, had complicated circumstances due to the conflict of editorial policies within the company and how to deal with power.
After the "White Rainbow Incident," "Daicho" changed its policy to "unbiased and nonpartisan newspaper," which means neutrality, and lost its anti-power stance. After this, in the Manchurian Incident, despite the non-expansion policy of the Minseito Cabinet of cooperative diplomacy, leading newspapers instigated public opinion by supporting and praising the actions of the Kwantung Army and expanded the number of copies.
The Kwantung Army founded Manchukuo (1932 / S7.3mo), ignoring the opposition of the Inukai Tsuyoshi Cabinet, which became the last political party cabinet before the war. For this reason, Inukai was shot dead at the Prime Minister's Office (May 15 Incident 1932 / S7). At this time, it is pointed out that "we can understand by speaking" that Inukai tried to persuade the Navy youth officer was democracy, and that "no questions asked" that the youth officer shouted was a word that symbolized fascism. This incident marked a turning point from "Taisho Democracy" to fascism.
“Daicho" and "Daimai" and 130 companies issued a joint declaration to approve Manchukuo which was founded by the Kwantung Army (1932 / S7.12mo), and supported the withdrawal of the League of Nations (1933 / S8.3mo).
In the Asia-Pacific War, newspapers also cooperated with the military, reporting the imperial headquarters announcement that, for example, touted the defeated Battle of Midway as a victory. The Asia-Pacific War has caused the horrors of war for people in the Asia-Pacific region, with 21 million deaths in China (announced in 1985). As for the Japanese people, about 3.1 million people, including ordinary people and soldiers, were killed in the inland and outland (Gaichi) due to the total war. The problems of damage and harm caused by the war are still ongoing, and the scars of the war have not healed yet. And International issues (territorial disputes, comfort women / conscripted worker issues, etc.) remain.
On August 15, 1945 (S20), Japan made a Copernican Revolution from fascism to democracy, this time overnight. I presume that it was not easy for the Japanese people to accept this change in the socio-political system. The reason why this happened cannot be understood without studying and thinking about the modern history of Japan (1853-1945) after Perry's arrival. In that sense, I think that the subject "Modern and Contemporary History" that must be taken in class, which is scheduled to be introduced in 2022 (R4) and is centered on modern history, will play a major role.
In addition, journalism such as newspapers, television, and the Internet at the present location must take seriously the history that played a part in destroying Japan by catering to power's wishes and misleading public opinion by giving priority to management. On top of that, I think that journalism must take responsibility for the future.
2021.2.6 update
1897/М30報知新聞記者に登用された日本初の女性ジャーナリスト。1903/М36『家庭之友』創刊（『婦人之友』の前身）。1921/Ｔ10自由学園創立。夫の吉一（よしかず）は私立周陽学舎（山口県立防府高等学校の前身）の出身で報知新聞社編集長だった。羽仁五郎は長女の婿。
1916/Ｔ5『大阪朝日新聞』編集局長となった。民本主義の立場から藩閥・軍閥・官僚内閣である寺内内閣の非立憲政治攻撃の論陣を張った。
1897 / М30 Japan's first female journalist appointed as a reporter for the Hochi newspaper. In 1903 / М36, "Katei no Tomo" inaugural issue (predecessor of "Fujin no Tomo").1921 / T10 Established Jiyu Gakuen. Her husband, Yoshikazu, was from the private Shuyo Gakusha (predecessor of Yamaguchi Prefectural Hofu High School) and was the editor-in-chief of Hochi Shimbun. Hani Goro is the son-in-law of his eldest daughter.
1916 / T5 Became the managing editor of "Osaka Asahi Shimbun". From the standpoint of Minpon Shugi, he argued to attack the unconstitutional politics of the Terauchi Cabinet, which is the cabinet of domain clique, military clique and bureaucrat.
2021.2.6update
『白虹事件（はっこうじけん）』。大阪朝日新聞大正7年（1918）8月26日付夕刊（8月25日発行）2面記事。新聞博物館新聞閲覧室マイクロフィルム・管理者撮影（2011）以下2画像。「白虹（はくこう）日（ひ）を貫（つらぬ）けり」の記事。長谷川如是閑が不在で記事内容の点検が不十分だった。不穏当な内容に気付いてすぐに該当箇所を削除（右の画像）して刷り直されたが、すでに1万部が市中に出回った後だった。
2021.2.6更新
「白虹日を貫けり」の部分を削除した紙面。大阪朝日新聞が藩・軍閥、官僚内閣である寺内内閣と激しく対立していた状況が背景にあった。米騒動の原因となった米価高騰で利益を上げた鈴木商店は後藤新平外相と関係が深かった。後藤は米価高騰の一因とされているシベリア出兵の積極論を主張していた。原敬総裁の立憲政友会は、高騰した米を売り惜しんだとされる地主層を基盤としていた。このため、鈴木商店や地主を批判する大阪朝日新聞は閣僚や政党からも反発を受けた。（画像をクリックすると拡大します）。
"White Rainbow Incident (Hakkoujiken)". Osaka Asahi Shimbun the evening edition (published on August 25) dated August 26, 1918, two-page article. Newspaper Museum Newspaper Reading Room Microfilm / Administrator Photographed (2011) The following 2 images. An article about "A white rainbow penetrate the sun". Hasegawa Nyozekan was absent and the article content was inadequately inspected. Immediately after noticing the inappropriate content, the relevant part was deleted (image on the right) and reprinted, but it was already after 10,000 copies had been distributed in the market.
2021.2.6update
The page with the "A white rainbow penetrate the sun" part removed. The background was that the Osaka Asahi Shimbun was in a fierce conflict with the Terauchi Cabinet, which is the cabinet of domain clique, military clique and bureaucrat. Suzuki Shoten, which made a profit from the soaring rice prices that caused the rice riots, had a close relationship with Foreign Minister Goto Shinpei. Goto insisted on the aggressive theory of Siberian intervention, which is believed to be one of the causes of the soaring rice prices. President Hara Takashi's Rikken Seiyukai was based on the landowners who were unwilling to sell the soaring rice. For this reason, the Osaka Asahi Shimbun, which criticized Suzuki Shoten and landowners, received opposition from ministers and political parties too. (Click the image to enlarge).
―NEW― 実教出版社教科書に見る、現在も続く鉱夫への責任転嫁と歴史の捏造
-NEW- The continuing shifting of responsibility onto miners and fabrication of history in Jikkyo Publishing textbooks
山本作兵衛の世界記憶遺産「炭坑画」の米騒動に関するスケッチは歴史的事実を描いた作品ではない。
Sakubei Yamamoto's sketches of the Rice Riots, part of the World Memory Heritage "Coal Mine Paintings," are not based on historical fact.
高等学校の新学習指導要領が令和４年度(2022年度)から年次進行で実施されている。地理歴史科では、新科目『歴史総合』の教科書が令和４年度(2022年度)の1年生から使用されている。『歴史総合』を学習したうえで、令和５年度(2023年度)に、『日本史探求』の教科書が２年生で使用されている。
ところが、実教出版の日本史探求の教科書の２冊うち１冊の米騒動の項目で、あってはならない図版が掲載されている。いまだに、鉱夫がダイナマイト(爆弾)を投擲した作品が掲載されているのだ。
鉱夫のダイナマイト(爆弾)投擲は、陸軍が射殺を正当化して世論操作をするための捏造であり、歴史的事実ではない。
2024.2.3
New high school curriculum guidelines have been implemented on an annual basis starting from the 2022 academic year. In the subject of" Geography and History", textbooks for the new "Modern and Contemporary History" have been used for first-year students starting in the 2022 academic year. After studying "Modern and Contemporary History," second-year students will be using the "Advanced Japanese History" textbook in the 2023 academic year.
However, one of the two textbooks of Jikkyo Publishing's "Advanced Japanese History" textbooks contains an illustration that should not be there in the section on the rice riots. There are still works published showing miners throwing dynamite.
The story about the miners throwing dynamite (bombs) was a fabrication by the Army to justify the shootings and manipulate public opinion, and is not a historical fact.
"Yama's Rice Riots" ("Yama" means coal mine)
The police mobilized all their forces to try to calm the situation, but the thugs and drunken miners did not take the saber-wielding officers seriously and did not back down easily. Not only that, miners use a common tactic used by to light up and throw dynamite, preventing the police from approaching carelessly.
(the police) "Quiet down! disband!"
(miners) "Oh, what? Oh, so the police officer doesn't eat rice? (Aren't the policemen struggling to make ends meet with the rising price of rice?) Beat him!"
この作品は、山本作兵衛が想像で描いた作品である。鉱夫(福岡県添田町峰地炭鉱)が警官にダイナマイトを投げつけて爆発させた事実はない。
This work is a product of Yamamoto Sakubei's imagination. There is no evidence that a miner (Mineji Coal Mine, Soeda Town, Fukuoka Prefecture) threw dynamite at a police officer and caused an explosion.
実教出版社 文科省検定済 高校地理歴史科 「日本史探求」教科書『精選日本史探求 今につなぐ 未来をえがく』(2023年度使用教科書)
Jikkyo Publishing, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology certified, high school Geography and History textbook "Advanced Japanese History" "Exploring Selected Advanced Japanese History: Connecting to the Present, Painting the Future" (textbook to be used in 2023)
山本作兵衛の想像した作品を掲載した表題の教科書の項目、「59 改造の時代 米騒動 180ページ」。
この想像で描かれた作品を、歴史的事実を追究する高校日本史教科書に掲載することは、歴史的事実を誤って認識させる。炭鉱米騒動の本質を誤解させ、さらに筑豊の鉱夫(炭鉱労働者)への偏見を生む。
鉱夫が携行していたのは、いわゆる「棒」であり、刃物や爆弾・ダイナマイトを携行して警察に対抗した事実はない。
宇部の米騒動の13名射殺と同じく、峰地炭鉱でも１名の鉱夫が射殺されている。小倉第12師団は、鉱夫がダイナマイト(爆弾)を投擲して兵士の生命に危険が及んだので正当防衛で射殺したと発表し、鉱夫のダイナマイト(爆弾)投擲を捏造して責任を鉱夫に転化した。山本作兵衛は、陸軍の世論操作により、鉱夫がダイナマイトを投擲したことを史実と思い込んで、想像でこの作品を描いてしまった。想像で描いたことを作兵衛は生涯、後悔していた。世界記憶遺産に認定されている作兵衛の炭坑風俗画の価値は高いが、その作品が史実であるかどうかは検証が必要である。
実教の教科書は、山本作兵衛の鉱夫が巡査にダイナマイトを投擲する想像画を掲載した。陸軍は、鉱夫は棒しか持っていなかったにもかかわらず、鉱夫がダイナマイトを投擲したから正当防衛で射殺したと捏造した。この作品を掲載することは、陸軍の捏造を歴史的事実化することと射殺を正当化することにつながる。実教がこの作品を掲載した背景には、執筆者が陸軍の捏造を歴史的事実として誤って認識していたことがあると推察する。
生徒が炭鉱米騒動を誤って認識しないようにすぐに訂正しなければならない。
2024.6.26更新
The textbook entry, titled "59. The Age of Reform: Rice Riots, Page 180," features works imagined by Yamamoto Sakubei.
Including this imaginative work in a high school Japanese history textbook, which explores historical facts, leads to a misunderstanding of historical facts. This leads to a misunderstanding of the true nature of the coal mine rice riots and creates prejudice against the Chikuho miners (coal miners).
The miners were only carrying so-called "sticks," and there is no evidence that they confronted the police with knives, bombs, or dynamite.
Like the 13 people shot dead during the Ube rice riots, one miner was shot dead at Mineji Coal Mine. The Kokura 12th Division announced that they had shot and killed the miners in self-defense because they had endangered the lives of their soldiers by throwing dynamite (bombs), fabricating the story that the miners had thrown the dynamite (bombs) and shifting the responsibility onto the miners. Sakubei Yamamoto wrote this work based on his imagination, believing that the story of miners throwing dynamite, which was the result of the Army's manipulation of public opinion, was a historical fact. Sakubei regretted drawing it from his imagination for the rest of his life. Sakubei's paintings of scenes from coal mines have been designated a World Memory Heritage and are highly valuable, but verification is needed to determine whether the works are based on historical fact.
The Jikkyo textbook featured an imaginative illustration by Sakubei Yamamoto of a miner throwing dynamite at a policeman. The Army fabricated the story, claiming that the policeman shot and killed the miner in self-defense because he had thrown the dynamite, even though the miner was only armed with a stick. Publishing this work would serve to make the Army's fabrication a historical fact and justify the shooting. It is speculated that the reason why Jikkyo published this piece was because the author mistakenly believed that the Army's fabrications were historical fact.
This must be corrected immediately so that students do not have a wrong understanding of the coal mine rice riots.
峰地炭鉱の鉱夫の携行品一覧
List of items carried by miners at Mineji Coal Mine
以下の表は、管理者が峰地炭鉱の米騒動の予審終結決定書(福岡地方裁判所)の鉱夫携行品をまとめたものである。
The table below is a summary of the items carried by miners in the preliminary investigation conclusion decision for the rice riots at Mineji Coal Mine (Fukuoka District Court).
〇作兵衛の作品では、鉱夫がダイナマイトを投擲し、斧を携行している様子が描かれているが、史実ではない。
〇予審終結決定書では、鉱夫の１名がダイナマイトの爆破を認定されているが、これは炭鉱内の施設を爆破したもので、警官・兵士という人を殺傷する意図で使用したのではない。
〇予審終結決定書では、鉱夫の２名の斧・つるはしの携行が認定されているが、鉱夫は、施設の柱を切るためや格子の破壊に使用しており、人を殺傷する意図で携行したものではない。
〇これらの携行品は裁判官が証拠に基づいて認定し、確定している歴史的事実である。
2024.2.3
○In Sakubei's work, miners are depicted throwing dynamite and carrying axes, but this is not historical fact.
○In the Decision Document Preliminary Hearing, one of the miners was found guilty of using dynamite to blow up facilities within the mine, but this was not used with the intention of killing or injuring police officers or soldiers.
○In the Decision Document Preliminary Hearing, acknowledged that two miners were carrying axes and pickaxes, but the miners used them to cut the facility's pillars and destroy the gratings, and they did not carry them with the intention of killing or injuring anyone.
○These items are historical facts that have been established and determined by the judge based on evidence.
new
実教教科書訂正 Jikkyo Textbook Correction
指摘した図版は差し替えらた The illustrations mentioned have been replaced.
管理者は実教出版社に当該図版の削除を求めました。
実教は、管理者の指摘により、以下の画像のとおり図版を差し替えました。
左が原文、右が訂正文です。
2024年度の2年生は差し替えられた教科書を使用しています。
2024.7.14
The administrator has asked Jikkyo Publishing to remove the image in question.
Jikkyo has replaced the image as shown in the image below, in accordance with the administrator's request.
The original text is on the left and the corrected text is on the right.
Second-year students in 2024 will be using replaced textbooks.
２０１８年（平成３０）８月１８日午後８時１０分 旧宇部銀行前（現ヒストリア宇部前）August 18, 2018 (Heisei 30) 8:10 pm In front of the former Ube Bank (currently in front of Historia Ube)
106年前（2024年基準）、1918年（大正7）8月18日午後8時10分、船木警察署宇部分署前の常盤通りで13人の鉱夫らが射殺された。 鉱夫らは、分署の前で仲間の被拘禁者の釈放を要求していた。 しかし、この写真を撮影した場所付近から、兵士は歩兵銃43発を発射し、憲兵はピストル２発を発射しました。
銃声が轟き、宇部銀行前から歩道50ｍの間（黄色の点字ブロックの方向）に、13名（または14名）が射殺され、17名が負傷して倒れました。死亡者の中には吉敷郡井関村（現山口市）出身の数え年18歳の青年も含まれていました。負傷者は宇部分署に運ばれ、日本赤十字社山口支部の医師、看護師による手当を受けました。仲間に助け出された者もいて、17名以外にも負傷者はいたとみられます。
画像の建物が宇部銀行（現「ヒストリア宇部」）です。鉱夫らの押しかけた宇部分署は、常盤通りを挟んで宇部銀行の向かい側にありました。当時の常盤通りは、現在の歩道程度の狭い通りで、“不夜城”とよばれた繁華街でした。空襲後の戦災復興計画により、歩道の左方向に道幅が拡張され50ｍ道路になりました。分署跡は現在、50ｍ道路と宇部市役所（旧庁舎は隣に新庁舎が竣工｛2022年2月｝したため解体｛2023年6月｝）になっています。
以下の地図で示しているように分署の隣が宇部時報社で、週一回『宇部時報』を発行していました。『宇部時報』は射殺現場の目撃記事を報じており（クリック・内部リンク）、発砲を報じた新聞記事の中で最も信頼性が高い新聞と考えます。
米騒動から２年後の1920年（大正９）の宇部村は、採炭量の増産により急激な発展をした人口３万5165人の全国２位の巨村でした（日本で最初の『大正９年国勢調査』）。（全国１位は製糸業の中心地長野県諏訪郡平野村（現岡谷市）の４万4278人。）
《参考》米騒動時の宇部銀行は、その後、昭和14年に村野藤吾の設計で同じ位置に建て替えられ、旧山口銀行宇部支店を経て、現在ヒストリア宇部となっています。市街地は宇部空襲で被災しましたが、この建物は奇跡的に被災しませんでした。宇部市内には村野設計の著名な「渡辺翁記念会館」（重要文化財）、村野晩年設計の宇部全日空ホテル（現ＡＮＡクラウンプラザホテル宇部(2024年3月31日営業終了)）などがあります。
画像は、事件から100年後の2018年（平成30）８月18日午後８時10分の発砲現場です。この夜は、100年前と同じように、鉱夫らが倒れた路面は濡れており、湿り気のある風が吹いていました。
軍隊が国民を標的として射殺するという前代未聞の惨事でした。分署に押しかけた鉱夫らを、射殺ではなく、拘束して勾留することは可能であったと考えます。軍隊の発砲に正当な理由はなかったとみられ、管理者は真実を追究していきます。
2024.11.2更新
103 years ago (on the basis of 2021), at 8:10 pm on August 18, 1918 (Taisho 7), 13 miners and others were shot dead on Tokiwa Street in front of the Ube branch of Funaki police station. Miners and others were demanding the release of fellow detainees in front of the branch police station. However, from near the place where this picture was taken, the soldier fired 43 shots with an infantry rifle and the military police fired two shots with a pistol.
Gunshots roared, and thirteen people (or 14 people) were shot dead and 17 people were injured and fell the sidewalk (50m, in the direction of the yellow Braille block) from the front of Ube Bank.
Among the dead was an 18-year-old adolescent from Iseki Village, Yoshiki County (currently Yamaguchi City).
The injured were carried to the Ube branch police station and treated by doctors and nurses at the Yamaguchi branch of the Japanese Red Cross Society. It seems that there were other injured people besides the 17 because some of them were rescued by their peers.
The building in the image is Ube Bank (currently "Historia Ube"). The Ube branch of Funaki police station, which the miners rushed, was across from Tokiwa Street, opposite Ube Bank. At that time, Tokiwa-Street was a narrow street, about the size of the current sidewalk, and was a downtown area called "all-night district." Due to the war damage reconstruction plan after the air raid, the width of the road was expanded to the left of the sidewalk to become a 50m road. The former site of the branch police station is currently a 50m road and Ube City Hall.
As shown in the map below, next to the branch police station was Ube Jihosha, which published " The Ube Jiho" once a week. "The Ube Jiho" reports sightings of the shooting scene (click / internal link), and the administrator considers it to be the most reliable newspaper article reporting the shooting of the military.
At that time, Ube Village was the second largest village in Japan with a population of over 35,000, which developed rapidly due to increased production of coal (the first place in Japan is Hirano Village, Suwa County, Nagano Prefecture (currently Okaya city)).
<< Reference >> The Ube Bank during the rice riot was later rebuilt in the same position by Murano Togo's design in 1939, and after passing through the former Yamaguchi Bank Ube Branch, it is now Historia Ube. The city center was damaged by the Ube air raid, but the building was not miraculously damaged. In Ube City, there are the famous "Watanabe Memorial Hall" (important cultural property) designed by Murano, and the Ube ANA Hotel (currently ANA Crowne Plaza Hotel Ube(Closed March 31, 2024)) designed by Murano in his later years and others.
The image shows the shooting site at 8:10 pm on August 18, 2018 (Heisei 30), 100 years after the incident. This night, as it was 100 years ago, the road surface on which the miners fell was wet and a moist wind was blowing.
It was an unprecedented disastrous incident in which the military targeted and killed the people. I think it was possible to detain and detain the miners who rushed to the branch police station instead of shooting death. It is believed that there was no good reason for the military firing, and the manager pursues the truth.
2024.11.2 update
The scenery of Tokiwa-dori at the time of the military shooting. The left is Ube branch of Funaki police station. Ube Bank is on the right. Shinkawabashi is in the foreground. (Administrator photographed the exhibition image on the 2nd floor of "Historia Ube".
The current image seen from almost the same position as the previous image. The houses in front of the former Ube Bank is now a green area. After the air raid, the left side of Tokiwa-dori was expanded to a 50m road in the post-war city planning. The former Ube City Hall is on the left. (Photo by administrator)
船木警察署宇部分署（米騒動後の大正7年（1918）に宇部警察署に昇格）。「市制記念写真集」転写。 The Ube Branch of Funaki Police Station (promoted to Ube Police Station in Taisho7(1918) after the rice riot). Transcription of "The city system enforcement commemorative photo book".
2022.3.16
Ube Bank head office in the Taisho era (during the rice riot). There is a observatory tower on the roof. In the foreground is the fence of Ube branch police station of Funaki police station. Tokiwa-dori is between the bank and the branch police office. (Administrator photographed the exhibition image on the 2nd floor of "Historia Ube"). The image before rebuilding of "Historia Ube in the daytime" above. Images from the same viewing angle.
Tokiwa-dori on the night of 103 years after the Army fired. I offered a flower to the on-site where 13 people were killed in the Army's shooting. The "Tokiwa-dori" sign is where the Ube branch of Funaki Police Station was at the time of the rice riot. The road surface is also wet this night in 2021, when the coronavirus is prevalent. (In front of Historia Ube (former Ube Bank). August 18, 2021 8:10 pm, photographed by the administrator).
Updated 2021.8.18.
2022.3.16更新 Updated 2022.3.16
Tokiwa-dori on the night of 104 years after the Army fired. I offered a flower to the on-site where 13 people were killed in the Army's shooting. The road surface is wet again tonight, when the number of corona infected people in Yamaguchi Prefecture reached a record high of 3494. (August 18, 2022 8:10 pm. In front of Historia Ube (former Ube Bank). photographed by the administrator.)
2022.8.18更新 Updated 2022.8.18
裁判史料 Trial's historical records
法政大学大原社会問題研究所（クリック・外部リンク）に宇部村・安下庄町の米騒動裁判の予審の筆写史料が収蔵されています。一般の研究者にも開放されています。所員の対応は丁寧で、予約した史料は準備されており、閲覧室で読むことができます。史料の撮影も可能です。
「山口県」「福岡県」の米騒動史料は製本してまとめてありますが「佐賀県」はありません。
裁判の一審から大審院までの判決史料は山口地方検察庁が保管しています（「裁判（Trial）」のページ（クリック・内部リンク））。研究のための閲覧は法令で可能となっていますが、閲覧の方法は法令で定められていませんので、閲覧許可までには相当の困難が伴いますし、複写・メモはできません。
地方検察庁は、なぜ研究目的の閲覧を認めず、複写・メモを不許可とするのか、明確には回答しませんでした。しかし、閲覧のための交渉から、不許可の理由は次のように推察されます。
たとえば、『米騒動の研究』の「被起訴者一覧」には名前や本籍地の番地まで記載されて研究者がプライバシーを侵害している。さらに、同書の本文の中に、今日、同和問題で重大な人権侵害とされる差別用語の使用があります。また、検察庁は博物館的機能を有しておらず人員の余裕がないこと、法令上閲覧を許可する義務がないことが主な理由のようです。
しかし、研究者がプライバシーを守った上で、検察庁が複写許可をしなければ米騒動研究の深化はできません。
高野義祐『米騒動記』（1959年）には、高野が筆写した「大正九年刑事裁判原本（甲）」（宇部の米騒動の判決史料）が所収されています。過去に筆写が許可されているのですから、現在も筆写が許可されなければなりません（不遡及の原則）。
2021.2.15更新
管理者は福岡地方検察庁に峰地炭鉱米騒擾事件の刑事裁判判決史料の閲覧を申請しました(2024.9.24)。福岡地方検察庁は判決史料の保管は認めましたが、閲覧は認めませんでした(2024.10.25記録係より電話連絡)。
2024.11.2追記
The Ohara Institute for Social Research, Hosei University (click, external link) owns the handwritten copies of the historical materials which related to the preliminary hearing of the rice riot trial in Ube Village and Agenoshō Town. It is open to general researchers. The staff are polite and the reserved historical materials are ready and can be read in the reading room. You can also shoot historical materials.
Historical materials on the rice riots relating to Yamaguchi Prefecture and Fukuoka Prefecture have been bound into books, but there are no books about Saga Prefecture.
The Yamaguchi District Public Prosecutors Office keeps the historical records of judgments from the first instance to the Supreme Court (“Trial” page (click / internal link)). Browsing for research is permitted by law, but since the method of browsing is not stipulated by law, it will be quite difficult to get permission to browse, and copying and memos are not possible.
The Yamaguchi District Public Prosecutors Office did not clearly answer why it did not allow viewing for research purposes and prohibited copying and memos. However, from the negotiations for viewing, the reason for the disapproval can be inferred as follows.
For example, in the "List of Indicted Persons" in " Study of the Rice Riot", the name and even the house number of the Permanent Address are listed, and the researcher infringes on privacy. In addition, in the body of the book, there is today the use of discriminatory terms that are considered serious human rights abuses in the Dowa issue. In addition, the public prosecutor's office does not have a museum function and there is no time for personnel, and there is no legal obligation to allow viewing, which seems to be the reason for not allowing viewing.
However, the research on rice riots cannot be deepened unless the researchers protect their privacy and the public prosecutor's office permits copying.
Takano Yoshisuke's "Rice Riot's Record" (1959) contains the ""Taisho 9 Criminal Trial Original Book "KO" " (Ube's rice riot judgment historical material) copied by Takano. Since copying was permitted in the past, it must still be permitted (the principle of non-retroactivity).
2021.2.16update
The administrator has applied to the Fukuoka District Public Prosecutors Office for permission to view the criminal trial verdict documents for the Mineji Coal Mine Rice Riots (September 24, 2024).
The Fukuoka District Public Prosecutors' Office acknowledged that the court decisions were being stored, but did not allow them to be viewed (phone call from the Records Clerk on October 25, 2024).
Added 2024.11.2
陸軍の出動史料 Army dispatch historical records
(The historical materials reading room passes through the corridor of this building and is in the building on the left, although it is not visible in the image) and Kagamon. Within Ichigaya, Ministry of Defense, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo. You must get permission when you enter the entrance on the right side of Kagamon. In August 2016, the National Institute for Defense Studies moved from within the Acquisition, Technology and Logistics Agency in Setagaya Ward, Tokyo. (Administrator shooting)
この研究所は、宇部の米騒動に出動した陸軍と憲兵の行動を記録した史料を収蔵しています。史料閲覧室（クリック・外部リンク）が一般に開放されており、『陸軍省大日記』、『海軍省公文備考』などの資料の閲覧や専門員の助言を受けることができます。
市ヶ谷の防衛省裏手の加賀門から入館します。移転後はセキュリティが強化され、写真付身分証明書（運転免許証等）が必要です。デジカメ等による史料の撮影は制限つき（袋とじのない資料など）で可能です。
「米価騰貴に基づく各地騒擾の件」の史料は国立公文書館アジア歴史資料センターのデジタルアーカイブ（クリック・外部リンク）でも閲覧できます。ただ、白黒画像なので原史料の赤字・追記・鉛筆書き・紙質等の細部は判読できません。（国立公文書館アジア歴史資料センター・ホーム（クリック・外部リンク））
2021.2.15更新
This institute holds historical materials recording the actions of the Army and military police dispatched to the rice riot in Ube. The historical materials reading room (click / external link) is open to the public, and you can browse materials such as "Ministry of the Army Diary" and "Ministry of the Navy Kobun Remarks" and receive expert advice.
Enter from the Kagamon behind the Ministry of Defense in Ichigaya. After the move, security will be strengthened and a photo ID (driver's license, etc.) will be required. It is possible to take pictures of historical materials with a digital camera, etc. with restrictions (materials without covered binding, etc.).
You can also browse the historical materials of "Matters of local disturbances based on rising rice prices" in the digital archive (click / external link) of the Japan Center for Asian Historical Records, National Archives of Japan. However, since it is a black-and-white image, details such as deficit, additional notes, pencil writing, and paper quality of the original historical materials cannot be read. (National Archives of Japan Center for Asian Historical Records Home (click / external link))
2021.2.15update
新聞史料 Newspaper as a historical materials
国内の中心図書館で、所蔵量が限界に近づいたため関西館が開設（2002年）されています。国会図書館は、あらゆる面で国内最大・最高の図書館です。不明な点があれば、館内スタッフに声がかけやすく、スタッフの説明は丁寧で、迅速に対応されます。
新聞資料室には全国紙、地方紙などが原紙、縮刷版・デジタル資料、マイクロフィルム等で所蔵されており、閲覧・複写できます。
国会図書館がデジタル化した資料は、山口県立山口図書館（クリック・外部リンク）等のインターネット端末で閲覧・複写できます。
県立図書館は、宇部の米騒動を詳細に報道した『防長新聞』、『馬關毎日新聞』、『關門日日新聞』の写真縮刷版を所蔵しており閲覧・複写ができます（これらの新聞の原紙も所蔵）。県立図書館でもスタッフの対応は親切で丁寧です。
宇部の米騒動の記事で最も信頼できる『宇部時報』は、宇部市立図書館で写真版が閲覧・複写できます（原紙は宇部日報社所蔵）。宇部市立図書館のスタッフも対応は親切で丁寧です。
2021.2.15更新
The National Diet Library is the central library in Japan, and the Kansai-kan was opened (2002) because the holding capacity was approaching its limit.
The National Diet Library is the largest and best library in Japan in every respect. If you have any questions, it is easy to talk to the staff in the hall, and the staff's explanations are polite and you can respond promptly.
The newspaper reference room holds national newspapers, local newspapers, etc. in base papers, reduced editions / digital materials, microfilms, etc., and can be viewed and copied.
Materials digitized by the National Diet Library can be viewed and copied on Internet terminals (click / external link) such as the Yamaguchi Prefectural Yamaguchi Library.
The Prefectural Library holds photo-reduced editions of the "Bocho Shimbun," "Bakan Mainichi Shimbun," and "Kanmon Nichinichi Shimbun," which report on the rice riots in Ube in detail, and can be viewed and copied (The base papers of these newspapers are also in the collection). At the prefectural library, the staff are kind and polite.
The most reliable article on the rice riots in Ube, "Ube Jiho," can be viewed and copied in photo at the Ube City Library (the base paper is owned by Ube Nippoh). The staff at Ube City Library are also kind and polite. The staff at Ube City Library are also kind and polite.
2021.2.15update
≪当ＨＰご活用上の注意≫
ＨＰの『米騒動絵巻』を複写すると徳川美術館（ＤＮＰアートコミュニケーションズに委託）の著作権を侵害しますので無断転写は禁止します。
当サイトはリンクフリーです。管理者が作成した記載事項・地図・図表の引用はＵＲＬを明記してください。授業等で閉鎖的に使用される場合は自由に活用ください。当サイトの管理者が撮影した風景の画像、管理者に著作権のあるページは自由に活用ください。ただし、資料・刊行物の画像はパブリックドメインでない画像が含まれている可能性がありますので、著作権に留意してください。当サイトの内容を商用でご利用の際は、コメント欄を通して管理者の許可を得てください。
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当ＨＰは随時更新しています。
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