管理者作成。右上の［　］をクリックすると拡大します。Created by an administrator. Click [   ] on the upper right to enlarge.

スマホ画面の操作は２つの指で行ってください。Operate the smartphone screen with two fingers.

１９１８年（大正７）米騒動は青森県と沖縄県を除く全国に展開したと考えます。上図は富山県の主要な米騒動発生地と全国の大規模な米騒動の発生地です。

  緑色のピンは大正七年富山米騒動、茶色のピンは都市部の米騒動、青色のピンは炭鉱米騒動の主な発生地です。

　吉河光貞は、東京・大阪・京都の３府と愛知・静岡・兵庫・和歌山・三重・広島・岡山・山口・愛媛・福岡の１０県の米騒動は、事態が重大化したと記載しています（『所謂米騒動事件の研究』９５頁）。

　地図上の茶色のピンは、吉河の指摘した前記の１３府県内で発生した米騒動の中で、府県内における最大規模の米騒動の発生地・集合場所を示しています。（『米騒動の研究』第１～４巻に記載された各府県の「被起訴者一覧」で被起訴者人数が当該府県で最大規模の市町村を基準として取り上げています。）

　１３府県以外で、福井市、横浜市でも大規模な米騒動が発生したので同じ茶色ピンを加えています。

Ｉthink that the rice riots of 1918 (Taisho 7) spread throughout the country except Aomori and Okinawa prefectures. The figure above shows the major rice riot sites in Toyama Prefecture and the large-scale rice riots places nationwide.

The green pin is the main places of occurrence of the Toyama rice riots in 1918, the brown pin is the main places of rice riots in the regions of city, and the blue pin is the main places of occurrence of the coal mine rice riots.

Yoshikawa Mitsusada states that the rice riots in the three prefectures of Tokyo, Osaka, and Kyoto and the ten prefectures of Aichi, Shizuoka, Hyogo, Wakayama, Mie, Hiroshima, Okayama, Yamaguchi, Ehime, and Fukuoka had become more serious. ("Study of the so-called rice riot cases", p. 95).

　The brown pin on the map indicates the location and meeting place of the largest rice riots in the prefecture among the rice riots that occurred in the above 13 prefectures pointed out by Yoshikawa. (The number of indicted persons is taken up based on the largest-scaled municipality in the prefecture in the "List of indicted persons" of each prefecture described in Volumes 1 to 4 of "Study of Rice Riots".)  

　 In addition to the 13 prefectures, a large-scale rice riot occurred in Fukui City and Yokohama City, so the same brown pin is added.

管理者作成。Created by an administrator.

　大正７年米騒動は、７月に富山県で始まり、８月１０日の京都市、名古屋市の米騒動から大都市の大規模な騒動に発展しました。大都市の米騒動は８月１６日までにほぼ終息しました。その後、８月１７日に山口県宇部炭鉱、福岡県峰地炭鉱で米騒動が発生し、主に山口・九州地方の炭鉱に展開しました。そして、熊本県荒尾村の三井三池炭鉱万田坑で９月１２日に収束するまで続きました。

（《補足》大正７年富山県米騒動の経過・・井本三夫『水橋町（富山県）の米騒動』桂書房2010。20～22頁）

　米騒動は、青森・岩手・秋田・栃木・沖縄県を除く、全国１道３府３８県（４２道府県）で発生したと考えられていました。しかし、近年の研究で、岩手県（一関、花巻で町民大会開催の張り札）、秋田県（秋田市内で市民大会開催の張り札）、栃木県（茂木（もてぎ）町で群集による投石事件）での発生が指摘されています。『米騒動の研究』の分類方法（第１巻８９頁）に従って、貼り紙を米騒動の一類型とみた場合には、これらの県でも米騒動が発生していたことになります。『米騒動の研究』の類型に従い、管理者は、青森県と沖縄県を除く１道３府４１県（４５道府県）で米騒動が発生したと考えます。

（《補足》発生道府県数の定説は、青森・岩手・秋田・栃木・沖縄県を除く１道３府３８県｛『米騒動の研究』第５巻496～497ページ・1962年｝の４２道府県です。現在（2022年度まで）の検定高校日本史教科書はこの定説を記載しています。しかし、この定説は６０年前の研究に基づくものであり、2022年８月31日のＮＨＫ総合テレビ『歴史探偵』「米騒動」では４４道府県というナレーションがありました。未発生とした３県は青森県と沖縄県のほかに、岩手県または秋田県を未発生と判断しています。管理者は以下の名須川溢夫の論文の評価により岩手県を未発生としてるのではないかと推察する。）

　米騒動の全国の発生市町村数、参加者数・群集数の正確な推定は困難です。今後、各県の米騒動研究が進むことで実態に近い推定が可能となります。管理者は、山口県の参加者を約１万人と推定（クリック・内部リンク）します。大正９年（１９２０）国勢調査（最初の国勢調査）（クリック・外部リンク）では山口県の人口は１０４万１０１３人ですから約１万人は約１％に当たります。同調査で全国の人口は５５９６万３０５３人ですから１％は約５６万になります。しかし、全国の米騒動の群集数を推定するのは困難な作業で今後の課題です。吉河とその著書を引用した『米騒動の研究』は約７０万人としている。

The rice riots of 1918 began in Toyama Prefecture in July, and evolved from the rice riots of Kyoto and Nagoya on August 10 to large-scale riots in large cities. The rice riots in the big cities were almost over by August 16. After that, on August 17, rice riots occurred at the Ube Coal Mine in Yamaguchi Prefecture and the Mineji Coal Mine in Fukuoka Prefecture, and the rice riots expanded mainly to the Yamaguchi and Kyushu coal mines. Then, it continued until it converged on September 12 at the Mitsui Miike Coal Mine Manda Pit in Arao Village, Kumamoto Prefecture.

 (《Supplement》  Taisho 7th year, Toyama Prefecture rice riots's progress... Imoto Mitsuo, “Rice riot in Mizuhashi Town (Toyama Prefecture)” Katsura Shobo 2010, pp. 20-22)

　The rice riots were thought to had occurred in 42 prefectures nationwide (including 38 prefectures, Hokkaido, and 3 Fu (Kyoto-Fu, Tokyo-Fu, Osaka-Fu)), excluding Aomori, Iwate, Akita, Tochigi, and Okinawa prefectures. However, recent research has pointed out that the rice riots occurred in Iwate Prefecture (Ichinoseki, Hanamaki's sticker for the townsman tournament), Akita Prefecture (the sticker for the citizens' tournament in Akita City), and Tochigi Prefecture (Stone throwing incident by crowd in Motegi town). If the sticker is regarded as a type of rice riot according to the classification method of "Study of the Rice Riots" (Volume 1, p. 89), it means that rice riots has occurred in these prefectures as well. According to the type of "Study of the Rice Riots ", the administrator manager thinks that the rice riots occurred in Hokkaido, 3 Fu (Kyoto-fu, Tokyo-fu, Osaka-fu) and 41 Ken (45 prefectures) excluding Aomori prefecture and Okinawa prefecture.  

　It is difficult to accurately estimate the number of cities, towns and villages, the number of participants and the number of crowds nationwide in the rice riots. In the future, as research on rice riots in each prefecture progresses, it will be possible to make estimates that are close to the actual situation. The administrator estimates that the number of participants in Yamaguchi Prefecture is about 10,000 (click / internal link). According to the first census in 1920, Yamaguchi Prefecture has a population of 1,041,013. Therefore, about 10,000 people are about 1% (click / external link). According to the same survey, the national population is 55,963,053, so 1% is about 560,000. However, estimating the number of the rice riots crowds nationwide is a difficult task and a future task. The number of people in "Study of the Rice Riots", which quotes Yoshikawa and his book, is about 700,000.

７月上旬に富山県ではじまった１９１８年米騒動は、８月１０日に京都市と名古屋市で騒擾罪適用の米騒動(米騒擾事件)が発生し、全国の大都市の大規模な米騒動に発展しました。大阪市、神戸市、東京市などの米騒動は、コメの廉売政策と軍隊の出動により、８月１６日までにほぼ収束しました。

以下は、大都市の最初の大規模な米騒動で、８月１１日に軍隊が初めて出動した京都の米騒動と８月１２日に軍隊の出動した名古屋の米騒動の説明です。

The 1918 rice riots began in Toyama Prefecture in early July, and on August 10th, rice riots (the crime of rioting incidents) occurred in Kyoto and Nagoya, with the crime of rioting applied, and developed into large-scale rice riots in major cities across the country. The rice riots in Osaka, Kobe, Tokyo and other cities were largely resolved by August 16th thanks to a policy of selling rice at low prices and the deployment of the military.

Below are descriptions of the first large-scale rice riots in major cities, the Kyoto rice riots, where troops were first deployed on August 11th, and the Nagoya rice riots, where troops were deployed on August 12th.

NEW

　大正7年米騒動は1918年7月に富山湾東部沿岸諸都市で発生しました。しかし、騒擾罪による起訴者はありませんでした。騒擾罪を最初に適用された米騒動(米騒擾事件)は8月10日に京都市と名古屋市で発生しました。京都市は東七条の柳原町で発生しました。京都市で一番大きい被差別部落が柳原町にありました。京都府紀伊郡柳原町は米騒動の3か月前の1918年４月１日に京都市に編入されていました。米騒動は８月11日には京都市全域に広がり、全国で初めて軍隊が出動しました。京都市の他の被差別部落でも騒動が発生し、多数の市民も参加して大規模な米騒動に発展しました。

The Taisho 7 Rice Riots occurred in July 1918 in cities along the eastern coast of Toyama Bay. However, no one was charged with the crime of rioting. The Rice Riots (the crime of rioting incident), the first incident in which the crime of rioting was applied, occurred in Kyoto and Nagoya on August 10th. The incident occurred in Yanagiharacho, Higashi Shichijo, Kyoto City. The largest discriminated community in Kyoto City was located in Yanagiharacho.  Yanagihara Town, Kii County, Kyoto Prefecture was incorporated into Kyoto City on April 1, 1918, three months before the rice riots.  The rice riots spread throughout Kyoto City on August 11th, and troops were deployed for the first time in the country.  Riotings also broke out in other discriminated communities in Kyoto City, and with the participation of many local citizens, the riots developed into large-scale rice riots.

2024.10.29

崇仁地区の由来

「崇仁坊」は平安左京のある、平安京二十坊の一、八条坊をいう。北は七条大路、南は八条大路、西は朱雀大路、東は東京極大路に挟まれた四坊六四町を総称する。このうち以下の画像の「崇仁四坊」十六町が現在の崇仁地区である。

Origin of the Sujin area

"Sujinbo" refers to Hachijobo, one of the twenty area of Heian-kyo, where Heian-sakyo is located. It is a collective name for the four areas and sixty-four blocks bounded by Shichijo-oji to the north, Hachijo-oji to the south, Suzaku-oji to the west, and Higashi-Kyogoku-oji to the east. Of these, the sixteen blocks of "Sujin Four-block" in the image below are the present-day Sujin district.

大都市の米騒動は８月１０日に京都市・名古屋市から始まりました。

富山米騒動は騒擾罪による起訴はありません。大正７年富山米騒動は、『米騒動の研究』が米騒動のはじまりとして位置づけている民衆行動ですが暴動はありませんでした。検事吉岡光貞は、騒擾罪による起訴がないことから、富山米騒動を「米騒擾事件」としていません。

京都米騒動・名古屋米騒動では騒擾罪による起訴があり、本格的な米騒動(「米騒擾事件」)のはじまりといえる市民運動となりました。

軍隊の出動は８月１１日の京都市が最初で、８月１２日に名古屋市、大阪市、広島市に出動しました。(「アジア歴史資料センター」C03011253500『米価騰貴に基く各地騒擾の件』ページ番号0456。画像番号258。「各地騒擾出動兵力表」0477。)

The rice riots in major cities began on August 10th in Kyoto and Nagoya. No charges were filed for the crime of rioting in the Toyama rice riots.  The Toyama Rice Riots of 1918 were a popular movement that the book Research on Rice Riots places as the beginning of the rice riots, but there were no riots.  However, Prosecutor Yoshioka Mitsusada did not call the Toyama rice riots "The incident of rioting for demanding cheaper rice etc." because no charges were filed for the crime of rioting.

The Kyoto Rice Riots and Nagoya Rice Riots resulted in indictments for rioting, and these became citizens movements that could be considered the beginning of full-scale rice riots (the "Rice Riot Incidents").

The military was first deployed in Kyoto on August 11th, followed by Nagoya, Osaka, and Hiroshima on August 12th. (Japan Center for Asian Historical Records Ref. C03011253500 “The description of the uproar incidents in various places caused by rising rice prices” Page number 0477. Image number 258. "Table of troops deployed in various areas for riots".)　 

8月11日夜、米騒動に初めて出動した軍隊(第16師団38連隊)を報じた朝日新聞(1918.8.12付)。(『京都の部落史　2　近現代』148頁)。The Asahi Shimbun (dated August 12, 1918) reported on the first military deployment (16th Division, 38th Regiment) to the rice riots on the night of August 11. (Kyoto Buraku History 2: Modern Times, p. 148)

『米騒動の研究』第1巻「京都府」「京都市」及び「日出(ひので)新聞(現在の京都新聞)」によれば、京都米騒動は次のように記載されています(要旨)。

According to "Research on the Rice Riots" Volume 1, "Kyoto Prefecture," "Kyoto City," and "Hinode Shimbun (now the Kyoto Shimbun)," the Kyoto Rice Riots are described as follows (Summary) :

(１)はじまり

８月１０日夕近く、東七条の七条署巡査派出所へ一人の町民がおしかけてきて施米券の頒布を要求した。こののち約400人が派出所に押し掛けた(午後7時ころ)。午後8時30分ころ、暴徒は大石を派出所に投げつけてガラス戸7枚を破った。8時ころに七条高瀬川下るの白米の大商店が破壊された。その後、多数の市民が加わって下京一帯の米屋が襲撃された。一方、柳原青年団は米価の引き下げの方策を立て暴動の鎮撫にあたった。

 (1) The Beginning

Near the evening of August 10th, a townsperson showed up at the police station of Shichijo Police Station in Higashi Shichijo and demanded rice distribution coupons. After this, about 400 people stormed into the police station (around 7pm). At around 8:30 p.m., the mob threw large stones at the police box, breaking seven glass doors. At around 8 o'clock, a large Rice mill store f Takasegawa Kudalu in Shichijo was destroyed. Many citizens then joined in and attacked rice shops throughout Shimogyo. Meanwhile, the Yanagiwara Youth Group came up with a plan to lower the price of rice and worked to quell the riots.

(２)ひろがり

８月１１日。朝から全市は不穏な状況につつまれ、市内に点在する被差別部落の住民を動揺させた。夜に入り、暴動は田中村、西陣、野口町、西三条、東三条の被差別部落でも発生し、市民も加わって京都市全域に拡大した。次の「判決一覧」は暴動の発生した地域である。綴喜郡(つづきぐん)八幡町(やわたちょう)及び乙訓郡(おとくにぐん)久世村(くぜそん)を除く、「東七条～西三条」までが京都市であり、京都米騒動(京都市の米騒動)の発生地域である。

このなかで最も激しく行動したのは「判決一覧」でわかるように西三条部落の住民であった。西陣の野口町の米騒動に西三条の住民が加わって暴動となり、警官隊や歩兵1小隊65名が鎮圧にあたった。右京の西三条の部落民は最も戦闘的であった。住民は警官隊や軍隊と激しく衝突して双方に負傷者が出たが、警官隊や騎兵が鎮圧した。

(2) Expansion

August 11th. The entire city was in a state of unrest from the morning, upsetting the residents of the discriminated communities scattered throughout the city. As night fell, riots broke out in the burakumin communities of Tanakamura, Nishijin, Noguchicho, Nishisanjo, and Higashisanjo, and as citizens joined in, the riots spread throughout the city of Kyoto. The next "List of Judgements" is the area where riots occurred. 

As can be seen from the "List of Judgments," the residents of Nishisanjo Buraku were the most vigorously involved. The rice riots in Noguchicho, Nishijin, were joined by residents of Nishisanjo, turning into a riot, and police forces and a platoon of 65 infantrymen were tasked with suppressing the riots. The burakumin of Nishisanjo in Ukyo were the most militant. Residents clashed violently with police and military forces, resulting in injuries on both sides, but the protests were quelled by police and cavalry.

(３)収束

8月12日

当局は外米廉売を実施し、寄付金募集を計画し、厳重な警戒態勢が続けられた。しかし、厳戒の中で不穏な情勢は続いた。

8月13日

警官、軍隊による警戒が続いた。

8月14日

軍隊の出兵はなく、平静に復しはじめた。

(3) Convergence

August 12

Authorities sold foreign rice at discounted prices, planned to solicit donations, and maintained a high level of vigilance.

August 13

Police and military patrols continued.

August 14

There were no military deployments and life began to return to normal.

2024.10.29

NEW

1918年の米騒動の時の泥江町には江川という川があり、そこに泥江橋(絵巻の右側に描かれているが画像では見えない)がかかっていた。江川は埋め立てられ、画像で左右方向に走る道路になっている。現在の泥江町交差点のところに江川にかかる泥江橋があった。『米騒動絵巻』では、南北に流れる江川の西側には市電の線路が見える。絵巻の場面の右側(北側)の方向に米屋町や米穀取引所があった。群衆を食い止めようとする巡査や騎兵・兵士に対し、棒を持った群衆が突撃して米屋町に向おうとして激しく衝突している。

During the 1918 Rice Riots, there was a river called Egawa in Hizie Town, and Hizie Bridge (drawn on the right side of the scroll, but not visible in the image) spanned it. Egawa has been reclaimed and turned into a road that runs left and right in the image. There used to be Hizie Bridge, which spans the Egawa River, at the current Hizie-cho intersection.  In the ``Rice Riot Picture Scroll.,'' streetcar tracks can be seen on the west side of the Egawa River, which flows north and south.  '' To the right(north side) of the picture scroll scene was Komeyacho and the Rice Exchange. Crowds of people with sticks charge at police officers and soldiers who try to stop the crowd, leading to violent clashes as they head toward Komeyacho.

2023.11.25update

『米騒動絵巻』「栄町伊藤屋前」は、鶴舞公園を出て大津通を北上し、広小路に入って泥江橋に向おうとする群衆を憲兵騎兵が阻止している場面です。下の画像は、「いとう（伊藤）呉服店」のあった交差点の現在のようすです。

``Sakaemachi Itoya-mae'' from ``Rice Riot Picture Scroll'' is a scene in which military police cavalry are blocking a crowd from leaving Tsurumai Park, heading north on Otsu-dori, entering Hirokoji, and heading toward Hizie Bridge.

2023.11.22

『米騒動絵巻』は、徳川美術館（クリック・外部リンク）（名古屋市東区）所蔵です。国宝『源氏物語絵巻』の昭和復元模写を作成したことで知られる日本画家桜井清香（さくらいきよか）（1895-1969）の作品です。清香は名古屋の米騒動のおよそ１か月後から街のスケッチをはじめ、１年で稿本を作成して清書を作成しましたが戦災で消失しました。1950年（昭和25）に稿本をもとに新たに清書が作成されました。

　この絵巻は、米騒動を記録した数少ない絵画資料で、希少価値と歴史的価値があります。また、清香は、軽やかな筆致で、静と動の場面を生き生きと描写しており、芸術的価値を併せ持っています。まさに国宝級の作品です。米騒動唯一のビジュアル資料ともいえるこの作品が制作されなかった場合を考えると、絵巻の価値は極めて高く、清香の業績は歴史の宝、国の宝といえます。

　ＨＰのロゴエリアに使用しているのは絵巻の一部です。棍棒をふるう群集と鎮圧のために出動した騎兵、抜刀した警察官が衝突している場面です。

　『米騒動絵巻』は徳川美術館に常設展示されておらず、企画展でしかみることはできません。画像は、徳川美術館の委託を受けた株式会社ＤＮＰアートコミュニケーションズが管理し、当ＨＰの画像はＤＮＰより提供を受けています（米騒動絵巻のサンプル画像）（クリック・外部リンク）。

"Rice Riot Picture Scroll" is in the Tokugawa Art Museum (click / external link) (Higashi-ku, Nagoya). It is the work of Sakurai Kiyoka (1895-1969), a Japanese painter known for creating a copy of the national treasure "Genji Monogatari Emaki" that was restored to the Showa era. Kiyoka started sketching the city about a month after the rice riot in Nagoya, and in a year, he made a manuscript and made a clean copy, but it disappeared due to the war damage. In 1950 (Showa 25), a new clean copy was created based on the manuscript.

This picture scroll is one of the few painting materials that recorded the rice riots and has rare and historical value. In addition, Kiyoka vividly depicts the scenes of stillness and movement with a light brush stroke, and has artistic value as well. It is a national treasure-class work. Considering the case where this work, which can be said to be the only visual material of the rice riots, was not produced, the value of the picture scroll is extremely high, and Kiyoka's achievements can be said to be a treasure of history and a treasure of the country.

The image is part of the picture scroll used in the HP logo area. It is a scene where a crowd wielding a club, a cavalry dispatched to suppress them, and a police officer with a sword are colliding. 

　"Rice Riot Picture Scroll" is not permanently exhibited at the Tokugawa Art Museum and can only be seen at special exhibitions. The images are managed by DNP Art Communications Co., Ltd., which was commissioned by the Tokugawa Art Museum, and the images on this website are provided by DNP. (The sample images of Rice riot picture scrolls) (click / external link).

名古屋米騒動経過（『米騒動の研究』第1巻188～210頁の要旨）The Nagoya Rice Riots (Summary of "Study on the Rice Riots" Vol. 1, pp. 188-210)

8月9日

鶴舞（つるま）公園に午後8時頃から人が集まり500人から600人になったが、演説をするものもなく、10時半ころ解散した。

August 9

The crowd began to gather at Tsuruma Park from about 8 p.m., numbering between 500 and 600, but no one gave a speech, so the crowd dispersed around 10:30 p.m.

8月10日

鶴舞公園で市民大会を開催するという風説が全市にひろまる。群衆の半数以上が婦人だった。午後9時頃には群衆は万をこえ、10時頃には奏楽堂で演説する者があらわれた。その後11時頃次第に解散した。ところが数千人の団体が二手に別れて、泥江（ひじえ）橋に向い米屋町に迫った。群衆は巡査隊とにらみあったが、漸次午前1時半ごろ解散した。（鶴舞公園から名古屋駅近くの米屋町まで約4㎞ある。下の地図参照）

August 10

Rumors spread throughout the city that a citizens' convention would be held in Tsuruma Park. More than half the crowd were women. By around 9 p.m. the crowd had grown to over 10,000, and by around 10 p.m. someone was giving a speech in the concert hall. After that, the group gradually disbanded around 11 o'clock. However, the group of several thousand people split into two groups, headed toward Hijie Bridge, and approached Komeyacho. The crowd confronted police but gradually dispersed around 1:30 a.m. (It is about 4km from Tsuruma Park to Komeyacho near Nagoya Station. See the map below.)

8月11日

鶴舞公園に群衆が押しよせたが、婦人はほとんど姿を見せなかった。午後8時20分には群衆は万をこえ、8時40分には3万、9時5分には5万に達した。演説は8時10分にはじまり、つぎつぎに演説した。午後9時半、約2万の群衆は喊声を揚げて公園を出発し、その大部分は、前津町、広小路を経て泥江橋に殺到し、午後10時20分頃、約1万の群衆は公園から門前町通、末広町、広小路に出て、柳橋から泥江橋に到り、一部は大須（おおす）観音境内を経て洲崎橋より泥江橋に向った。途中投石して電車を遮り、警官隊に投石して、突撃すること十数回に及んだ。これに対し、警官隊も応戦し、33名を逮捕し、双方に相当の負傷者が出た。この際、警官隊が見るに忍びない暴力を加え、さらに警官隊が抜剣したという声が伝わり群衆は激した。しかし、群衆は米屋町に突入することはできず、12日午前1時ころ退散した。

August 11

Crowds flocked to Tsuruma Park, but the woman was hardly to be seen. By 8:20 pm the crowd had surpassed 10,000, by 8:40 it had reached 30,000, and by 9:05 it had reached 50,000. The speeches began at 8:10 and were given one after the other. At 9:30 pm, the crowd of about 20,000 people left the park, raising a battle cry, and the majority of them passed through Maezucho and Hirokoji and then poured onto Hizie Bridge. At around 10:20 pm, the crowd of about 10,000 people left the park along Monzenmachi-dori, Suehirocho, and Hirokoji, and arrived at Hizie Bridge via Yanagibashi. Some of them passed through the grounds of Osu Kannon Temple and headed towards Hizie Bridge via Susakibashi. Along the way, they threw stones to block trains, threw stones at police officers, and charged at them more than a dozen times. Police responded by arresting 33 people and causing significant injuries on both sides. At this point, the police used brutal violence against the protesters, and reports of police drawing their swords enraged the crowd. However, the crowd was unable to break into Komeyacho and dispersed around 1:00 a.m. on the 12th.

8月12日

この日は白昼から不穏の気が漲った。これに対し、市役所では外米売り出しと白米廉売を発表した。午後6時半ころには米屋町に325名の警官が配置され、騎馬憲兵も出動した。8時頃から鶴舞公園に押寄せた群衆は、8時40分頃1万人に達し、9時30分には2万5千、9時50分には3万人に達し、その大部分は「労働者にして青年なり」と報告された。午後9時頃から演説が始まった。午後10時頃約1万、10時半頃数千、11時頃数千が公園を出発し、巡査派出所や米成金などを襲撃しながら、米屋町付近に向った。午後10時25分頃先発の約二、三千人の集団が泥江橋に殺到し、午後10時40分頃数万の群衆が殺到した。警官隊は十数名の騎兵と共に、或いは防御し或いは突進して力戦奮闘する間、軍隊出動の通牒があった。午後11時30分頃、群衆の突撃により警官隊と騎兵は約１丁（100ｍ）程度退却したが、突撃により米穀取引所を防御した。午後11時40分頃軍隊の出動があり群衆を撃退した。それまでの2時間、相互に突撃を続け、69人を逮捕し、群衆は漸次退散し、午前3時ころには停滞する者はいなくなった。この日の検挙者103名、双方に多くの負傷者が出た。第三師団の歩兵二個中隊と一個小隊が出動し、泥江町と広小路本町かどの2カ所に配備された。

August 12

A sense of unrest was pervasive from broad daylight on that day. In response, the city hall announced a sale of imported rice and a discount on polished rice. By around 6:30 p.m., 325 police officers were deployed in Komeyacho, and mounted military police were also deployed. The crowd that had been gathering at Tsuruma Park since about 8:00 p.m. reached 10,000 by about 8:40 p.m., 25,000 by 9:30, and 30,000 by 9:50, and it was reported that the majority of them were "workers and young people." The speeches began at about 9 p.m. About 10,000 people left the park at around 10 p.m., several thousand at around 10:30 p.m., and several thousand at around 11 p.m., and headed toward the Komeyacho area, attacking police stations and people who had made a killing from rice. At around 10:25 p.m., a group of about two to three thousand people who had departed earlier surged onto Hizie Bridge, and by around 10:40 p.m., a crowd of tens of thousands had flooded in. While the police, along with a dozen or so cavalrymen, fought valiantly, sometimes defending and sometimes charging forward, orders were given for the military to be mobilized. At around 11:30 p.m., the police and cavalry retreated about 100 meters due to a charge by the crowd, but they continued their charge to defend the Rice Exchange. The military was deployed around 11:40 p.m. and dispersed the crowd. After two hours of mutual attacks and 69 arrests, the crowd gradually dispersed until there was no one left by about 3 a.m. A total of 103 people were arrested that day, and many were injured on both sides. Two infantry companies and one platoon from the 3rd Division were dispatched and deployed at two locations, Hizie-cho and at the corners of  Hirokoji-Honmachi.

8月13日

愛知県は1円３升の米切符を作った。在郷軍人会を動員して「自衛的警戒」をさせた。軍隊は、泥江町に2個中隊、広小路日銀前に1個中隊と1個小隊、熱田神宮付近に1個小隊が配置された。鶴舞公園の奏楽堂は午後8時頃約5千人となり、演説が始まった。憲兵及び特科下士卒70名及び制服の門前署員60名が群衆を公園より追い出しにかかり、騎兵十五、六名が奏楽堂の周囲をかけまわって群衆を追い出し、9時15分頃公園入口に非常線を張って、公園に押しかける群衆に対した。公園前で阻止された群衆は、相当な人数集まるごとに、一段となって町におし出した。官憲に追われて公園を出た5千名程は二団にわかれ、一団は上前津交差点に進み、1万人に人数を増やし、市電を片っ端からとめて窓ガラスを壊した。他の一団は知事官邸をおそったが軍隊にはばまれた。上前津交差点の約3千名は門前署を包囲したが警官によって撃退され、大須観音境内に入った。午後9時半頃大須境内には三、四千名集まり、演説が始まっていた。午後10時過ぎ、群衆は神社の外にくり出そうとしたが警官隊に追われて四方に分散して沿道の米屋をおそった。米屋町方面はこの日は平穏だった。14日午前1時頃全市は平穏に帰した。

August 13

Aichi Prefecture created rice coupons for 1 yen and 3 sho. Veterans associations were mobilized to maintain "self-defensive vigilance." The military deployed two companies in Hizie-cho, one company and one platoon in front of the Bank of Japan at Hirokoji, and one platoon near Atsuta Shrine. At around 8:00 p.m., the Concert Hall in Tsuruma Park was packed with about 5,000 people, and the speeches began. 70 military police and special forces non-commissioned officers and 60 uniformed officers from the Monzen Police Station began to drive the crowd out of the park, while 15 or 16 cavalrymen ran around the Sogakudo Concert Hall to drive the crowd out, and at about 9:15 pm they set up a cordon at the entrance to the park to stop the crowd from storming into the park. The crowds that were prevented from entering the park would, as soon as a sufficient number had gathered, set off in groups toward town. After being chased out by the police, the approximately 5,000 people who left the park split into two groups. One group proceeded to Kamimaezu intersection, where they grew in numbers to 10,000, stopping streetcars one after another and breaking their windows. Another group attacked the governor's residence but was stopped by the military. About 3,000 people at Kamimaezu intersection surrounded the Monzen Police Station, but were repelled by police and entered the grounds of Osu Kannon Temple. Around 9:30 p.m., three to four thousand people had gathered in the Osu temple grounds and the speeches had begun. Just after 10 p.m., the crowd tried to leave the shrine and enter the city, but was chased by police and scattered in all directions, attacking rice shops along the road. The area around Komeyacho was peaceful that day. By around 1 a.m. on the 14th, the entire city had returned to peace. 

8月14日

この日も流言が飛んだが、外米が15銭に値下げされ、騒動気分は低下し、騒動参加人数も激減し、出兵もみなかった。鶴舞公園では午後8時半頃四～五百名が集まり演説が始まった。演説に集まった群衆は午後10時頃千余の一団をつくって公園を出発し、二手に別れ、一団は広小路に出たが警官隊阻止されて四散した。一団は大須観音境内に入った。大須境内には夕方より人出があり、9時頃一、五～六００人であったものが午後9時半頃七、八千名に達した。演説が始まり、10時頃約半数が境内を出たが門前署員にさえぎられて境内に引き返した。その後、公園よりの人数を加えた群衆は午後11時頃門前署員40名と騎馬憲兵六、七騎の突進にあって四散し、街中の米屋をおそおうとしたが、皆警官隊により阻止され、12時頃平穏に帰した。泥江町方面はこの夜も何事もなかった。

August 14

Rumors continued to fly that day, but the price of foreign rice was reduced to 15 sen, the mood of the uproar subsided, the number of people taking part in the riots dropped sharply, and no troops were sent. At around 8:30 pm, four or five hundred people gathered at Tsuruma Park and the speeches began. The crowd that had gathered for the speech left the park in a group of over 1,000 at around 10 p.m. They split into two groups, one of which went out onto Hirokoji Street, but was blocked by police and dispersed. The other group entered the grounds of Osu Kannon Temple. People began to gather in the Osu temple grounds in the evening, with the number of people increasing from 1500 to 1600 around 9:00 a.m. to 7,000 to 8,000 by 9:30 p.m. After the speeches began, around 10 p.m., about half of the group left the shrine grounds, but were stopped by officers from Monzen Police Station and forced to return inside the grounds. Later, the crowd, which included people who had come out of Tsuruma Park, was charged by 40 officers from Monzen Police Station and six or seven mounted military police at around 11:00 p.m. and scattered. They attempted to attack a rice store in the town, but were thwarted by the police and peace returned to the area around midnight.

8月15日

この夜は大須観音を中心に大衆行動があったが、もはや大勢は下火となった観があった。鶴舞公園に集まるもの2千名あり。2名の者が穏健な演説をして退散した。大須観音では、午後9時ころまでに境内に集まる群衆は約1万人に達し、暴行をはじめ、扇動的演説によって数百名の一団が門前町に出て境内に戻り、数百名は７軒の米屋に白米の廉売を強要して承諾を得て、午前0時頃退散した。境内に居残った群衆も警察官が駆逐し、16日の午前２時前後には全部解散した。

August 15

That night, there were public protests centered around Osu Kannon Temple, but the momentum seemed to have died down. 2,000 people gathered at Tsuruma Park. Two people made moderate speeches and the protesters left. At Osu Kannon, the crowd that had gathered in the temple grounds had reached about 10,000 people by around 9 p.m., and violence began. A group of several hundred people who sympathized with the inflammatory speeches went out into the town in front of the temple and returned to the temple grounds. Several hundred of them then forced seven rice shops to sell them polished rice at a discount, which they agreed to, before dispersing around midnight. 

8月16日

内地米の廉売が開始されたこともあって、全市は漸く平静に復しはじめた。

August 16

With the start of cheap sales of mainland rice, the city finally began to return to calm.

2023.11.22

本来は鶴舞公園のコンサートホールである。1918年の名古屋米騒動ではここに数万の群衆が集まり、弁士が次々に演説した。その後群衆は、公園を出て市街地へ繰り出していった。

It was originally a concert hall in Tsuruma Park. During the 1918 Nagoya Rice Riots, tens of thousands of people gathered here, and benshi gave speeches one after another. The crowd then left the park and headed into urban area.

2023.11.22

国立公文書館アジア歴史資料センター（ＪＡＣＡＲ）Ｒｅｆ.Ｂ０８０９０１３６９００（クリック・外部リンク）「大正七年七月ニ於ケル米騒擾ニ関スル報告・外務省・分割１」。（画像は右が９２頁「大阪府」、左が９３頁「検挙人員」です。スマホ画面では９３頁の「検挙人員」が上になっています。）

 National Archives of Japan Center for Asian Historical Records (JACAR) Ref.B080090136900 (click / external link) "Report on the Kome-sojou in July 1918, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Division 1". (The image is "Osaka Prefecture" on page 92 on the right and "Persons cleared" on page 93 on the left. On the smartphone screen, "Persons cleared" on page 93 is on the upper side.)

《群集数》

　前掲画像の史料では、大阪府（１１～２０日）の群集数は累計約２３万人、そのうち大阪市は累計約２０万人で、全国最大規模です。

大阪市以外で群集の多かった米騒動は以下の通りです。（１日で１万人以上が参加。京都市のみ累計で１万人以上）（典拠:検事吉河光貞『所謂米騒動事件の研究』９１～１９５頁）。

名古屋市　１０日約２万。１１日約５万。１２日約２万５千。１０～１７日の累計約１３万人以上。

東京市　１４日日比谷公園付近約１万。外に、浅草公園、上野公園。１３～１７日少なくとも累計約５万人以上。

神戸市　１２日（数万）。１２～１４日の累計約３万人。

呉市　１４日約３万。

門司市　１５日約２万。

京都市　１１日１０數カ所で発生し、１か所、千名から４・５０名。１０～１２日の累計１万人以上。

横浜市　１６日約１万名。

福井市　１３日。吉河の典拠によれば数千名。『米騒動の研究』と松尾尊兊『民主主義の潮流』では１万人以上。

<< Number of crowds >>

According to the historical materials in the above image, the total number of crowds is the largest in Japan, Osaka Prefecture (11th to 20th) is about 230,000, of which Osaka City with a total of about 200,000. 

The rice riots that were crowded outside of Osaka City are as follows. (A city where more than 10,000 people participated in one day. Only Kyoto City has a cumulative total of more than 10,000 people.) (Source: Prosecutor Yoshikawa Mitsusada, "Study of the So-called Rice Riot Case," pp. 91-195)

Nagoya City: Approximately 20,000 on the 10th. About 50,000 on the 11th. About 25,000 on the 12th. Cumulative total of more than 130,000 people on 10th to 17th.

About 10,000 near Hibiya Park on the 14th of Tokyo City. Outside, Asakusa Park and Ueno Park. 13-17 days at least about 50,000 people in total.

Kobe City 12th (tens of thousands), 12-14 days cumulative total of about 30,000 people.

Kure City 14th about 30,000.

Moji City Approximately 20,000 on the 15th

Occurred in 10 places on the 11th in Kyoto City, 1 place, 1,000 to 40～50 people. Cumulative total of more than 10,000 people on 10-12 days.

Yokohama City 16th, about 10,000 people. 

Fukui City 13th. Thousands according to Yoshikawa's book. More than 10,000 people in "Study of the Rice Riots" and Matsuo Takayoshi's "Tidal current of Democracy".

《参考》通天閣ビリケン人形と大阪米騒動発祥地天王寺公会堂跡  << Reference >> Tsutenkaku Billiken doll and the ruins of Tennoji Public Hall, the birthplace of the Osaka rice

 通天閣ホームページ（ＨＰ掲載許可）（クリック・外部リンク）・５階に黄金のビリケン人形があります。Tsutenkaku homepage (HP posting permission) (click / external link) ・ There is a golden Billiken doll on the 5th floor.

 2022.1.23

「鈴木商店はもと、砂糖・樟脳の販売店であったが、のち、政界、とくに後藤新平と密接な関係を結び、その庇護によって次第に大をなした。とくに大戦中はあらゆる物資の買占めにより巨利を博し、さらに工業にも手をのばし、同社の黄金時代を現出、傘下の会社は六〇余、その資本金は五億六千万円に達した。そしてその事業の一部に米仲買があったのであるが、すでに大隈内閣の米価釣上政策の一端として行った買上米の払下げを受け、さらに自ら買集めたものを合せて七一万俵を国外に輸出している。この輸出でも同商店は「満足すべき成績」をおさめたが、そのさい、集積した米すべてを輸出したのではなく、かえって買占めを続行しているのではないかと疑われ、鈴木が米を買占めて値をつりあげているという噂は世上に喧しかった。事実すでに第四〇議会で（一八年二月二九日）、憲政会の横山勝太郎により、鈴木商店は五千万円の資本を投じて精粉類と小麦の買占めをやっていると暴露されているのである。その上、鈴木商店は、外米管理令による指定商人として、外米・朝鮮米を取扱って莫大な利益をあげていた。このため、鈴木商店は市民の怨嗟の的となっていた。」（『米騒動の研究　第三巻』１９頁）。

 <管理者註>　「外米」とは、米騒動時は、サイゴン米（仏領インドシナ・現在のベトナム）やラングーン米（英領インドのビルマ（現在のミャンマー））などの東南アジア米のことです。（米騒動時以外の年ではタイ米が加わる。「南京米」は中国経由の東南アジア米のことである。）植民地の朝鮮米と台湾米は「移入米」といいます。

《参考》大豆生田実（おおまみうだ－みのる）「米騒動前後の外米輸入と産地」『東洋大学文学部紀要』（43）2017　123～193頁。

 　米騒動前後のラングーン米（英領インドのビルマ）、サイゴン米（仏領インドシナ）等の外米の輸入状況を知ることができます。

2022.1.24

"Suzuki Shoten was originally a sugar and camphor store, but later it had a close relationship with the political world, especially Goto Shinpei, and gradually became bigger with his patronage. Especially during the World WarⅠ, it gained huge profits by buying up all kinds of goods, and also reached out to the industry, revealing the golden age of the company. The number of affiliated companies is more than 60, and the capital has reached 560 million yen. And there was a rice brokerage as part of that business. It had already received the disposal of government-purchased rice as part of the Okuma Cabinet's rice price raising policy. In addition, it exports 710,000 rice bales to foreign countries, including those purchased by itself. Suzuki Shoten also achieved "satisfactory results" in this export. " At that time, it was suspected that it did not export all the accumulated rice, but rather continued to buy up. Rumors that Suzuki was hoarding rice and raising the price were all the rage. In fact, already in the 40th parliament (February 29, 1918), Yokoyama Katsutaro of the Kenseikai was exposed that Suzuki Shoten has invested 50 million yen to buy up refined flour and wheat. In addition, Suzuki Shoten, as a designated merchant under the Foreign Rice Management Ordinance, handled foreign rice and Korean rice and made huge profits. For this reason, Suzuki Shoten was the target of the grudges of the citizens. ("Study of the Rice Riots, Volume 3", p. 19)　

<Administrator's Note> "Gaimai (Foreign rice)" refers to Southeast Asian rice such as Saigon rice (French Indochina, now Vietnam) and Rangoon rice (Burma, British India (now Myanmar)) the time of the rice riots. (Thai rice is added in years other than the rice riots. "Nanjing rice" is Southeast Asian rice via China.)

Colonial Korean rice and Taiwanese rice are called "incoming transfer rice " from colony.

 << Reference >> Omamiuda-Minoru) "Foreign Rice Imports and Production Areas before and after the Rice Riots", "Bulletin of Faculty of Letters, Toyo University" (43) 2017, pp. 123-193.

You can know the import status of foreign rice such as Rangoon rice (Burma in British India) and Saigon rice (French Indochina) before and after the rice riots.

2022.1.24 

《参考》東京米騒動発祥地・日比谷公園小音楽堂  << Reference >> Hibiya Park Small Music Hall, the birthplace of the Tokyo rice riots.

《起訴者数》

　『米騒動の研究　第五巻』（１４９頁）「第４１表　予審終結結果総括」によれば、予審で有罪となった人数は、地域別（地裁別）で、全国１位の福岡６７２名以下、山口６１１名、広島５２０名、名古屋４６９名、安濃津（あのつ・三重県津市）４３７名の順となっている。

大阪は２７０名で東京と並び全国１０位にとどまっていて、群集数からみた騒動の規模と予審における騒擾罪等の認定者数がアンバランスになっています。

　騒擾罪は①首魁、②指揮・率先助勢者、③附和随行者で構成され、③の附和随行者はいわゆる「野次馬」です。

　なお、管理者は、山口県厚狭郡宇部村騒擾事件の騒動参加者を、２日間で実数３０００名、のべ数３７００名と推定しています。このうち検挙された員数は１６６７名です。取り調べ後の、予審回付者は３７３名で、予審で２５名が免訴され、公判起訴者（予審有罪者）は３４８名（内、騒擾罪を含むもの３４７名）です。公判起訴者３４８名は、一審で３３０名が有罪となりました。３３０名の内、騒擾罪が３２７名（放火罪等の併合罪等あり）、3名が騒擾罪を含まない罪です。　17名は無罪、公判中逃走縊死１名となりました。

　宇部村の米騒動で公判に起訴された者は３４８名に上り、市町村単位でみると全国最多となっています。また、この数は、東京府、大阪府の各２７０名を上回ります。

　全国の裁判では、和歌山県で、一審で無期懲役だった２名が大阪控訴院・大審院の判決で死刑となりました（『米騒動の研究』第５巻１２９頁）。全国で、２名以外に死刑はありません。

　《死亡者数》

　管理者は、騒動中の死者数を全国で３３名と推定する。宇部村では兵士が４３発を発砲し、憲兵が２発を発砲して１３名（１４名の可能性もある）が射殺された。これは、全国の死者の約４割を占め、特異である。

　次に多いのは広島県呉市で海軍水兵の銃剣で４名が刺殺されている【『米騒動の研究』第４巻２４頁】。吉河『所謂米騒動事件の研究』１０１頁・１６９頁では死者3名と記載される。「JACAR（アジア歴史資料センター）　Ref（レファレンスコード）.　C08021485500 　「米価騰貴ニ基ク各地騒擾ノ件」（資料番号１４８１・第９画像）大正８年　公文備考　巻１２０　騒乱２止（防衛研究所）」。

　佐賀県の相知炭鉱では陸軍が実包を４発発射し、射殺１名、刺殺１名の２名が即死した。さらに、重傷者２名が死亡（射殺か刺殺か不明）しているので、それを含めれば死者４名になる（前掲「米価騰貴ニ基ク各地騒擾ノ件」資料番号０６７５・第４７９画像、資料番号０６８１・第４８５画像）。(

『米騒動の研究』第5巻８９頁～９３頁「第2表全国出兵地点一覧表」では、相知村は「三名射殺」となっている。他の出兵地点の以下の死者数は管理者の推定と一致している。)

　福岡県の峰地炭鉱では陸軍による銃殺１名、刺殺１名の２名が死亡している（前掲「米価騰貴ニ基ク各地騒擾ノ件」資料番号０６７９・第４８３画像（「瀕死重傷者」とあるが死亡である）、資料番号０６８２・第４８６画像）。福岡県の八幡製鉄所中央本坑で陸軍が１名を刺殺している（『米騒動の研究』第四巻４１８頁）。

　和歌山市では陸軍が１名を刺殺している（前掲「米価騰貴ニ基ク各地騒擾ノ件」資料番号０６７５・

第４７９画像）。和歌山県内（伊都郡岸上村）で暴徒が密告の恐れのある一般人１名を混雑に紛れて殺害している（『米騒動の研究』第二巻２４０-２４１頁）。

 　大阪市と神戸市では、民衆と陸軍騎兵・兵士が衝突した。銃剣による刺殺者が大阪で２名、神戸で４名出ている【松尾尊兊『国民の歴史21　民主主義の潮流』１２４頁】。吉河『所謂米騒動事件の研究』９９頁は、『最近の社会運動』（協調会1929）６９１頁を引用して大阪の死亡者を２名としている。また、大阪府西成郡千船村では襲撃を受けた被害者が暴徒の首魁１名を刺殺している（『所謂米騒動事件の研究』１０１頁、『米騒動の研究』第二巻８９頁）。

　重傷後の死亡者があり確定しにくい点があるが、死亡者は、呉市を４名、相知炭鉱を４名とし、松尾の記載を引用して大阪市２名・神戸市４名とする。これに、宇部村１３名（１４名）、峰地炭鉱２名、八幡製鉄所中央本坑１名、和歌山市・和歌山県２名、西成郡千船村１名を加え、全国の米騒動の死亡者を３３名（３４名）と推定する。このうち、民間人同士の２名を除き３１名が陸海軍と群衆の衝突による死者である。

《関連死（宇部炭鉱）》

　新聞記事によれば、宇部の米騒動に参加した鉱夫で、陸軍の発砲による負傷入院中の自殺未遂１名があり、この人の生死は不明です。一審公判中に逃走し縊死した１名あり、一審判決ころに餓死した１名います。また、死亡理由は不明だが、予審終結決定書によれば予審終結までに１名が死亡している。司法当局は米騒動参加者を厳罰主義で起訴しました。このため被起訴者は、物心両面において、生存にかかわるほどの重荷を背負わされていたことが推察されます。

<< Number of indictment persons >>

　According to "Study of the Rice Riots, Vol. 5" (p. 149), "Table 41, Summary of Results of Preliminary Hearing Results", the number of people convicted in the preliminary trial was 672 in Fukuoka, the number one in Japan by region (by district court). This is followed by 611 Yamaguchi, 520 Hiroshima, 469 Nagoya, and 437 Anotsu (Tsu City, Mie Prefecture). Osaka has 270 people and remains in the 10th place in Japan along with Tokyo, and the scale of the riot in terms of the number of crowds and the number of people certified as the crime of disturbance in the preliminary trial are unbalanced.

　The crime : 罪(つみ), 犯罪(はんざい), 罪名(ざいめい)crime of disturbance : 騒乱(そうらん)disturbance consists of (1) the ringleader, (2) the riot assistance crime, and (3) the merely followed others, and (3) merely followed others is the so-called "Yajiuma (onlooker)".

　The administrator estimates that the number of participants in the Ube-mura rice riot incident, Asa-gun, Yamaguchi Prefecture is 3,000 in two days, and the total number of people 3,700. Of these, 1667 people got pulled over by the police. After the interrogation, there were 373 people who were sent to the preliminary trial, 25 people were exempted from the trial, and 348 people (including 347 people who were the crime of disturbance of the trial) were prosecuted in the trial. Of the 348 people charged in the preliminary trial, 330 were found guilty in the first instance judgment. Of the 330 people, 327 are the crime of disturbance (including the consolidated punishments etc. of crimes of arson and others), and 3 are guilty of not including the crime of disturbance. 17 people were acquittals, and 1 person has escaped during the trial and died by hanging himself.

The number of people charged with trials due to the rice riot in Ube Village has reached 348, which is the highest number in Japan in terms of municipalities. In addition, the number of people charged with the rice riot in Ube-mura exceeds 270 people charged with the rice riots in Tokyo and Osaka prefectures.

　In nationwide trials, two people who were sentenced to life imprisonment in the first instance in Wakayama Prefecture were sentenced to death by the judgment of the Osaka Court of Appeals and the Supreme Court ("Study of the Rice Riots", Vol. 5, p. 129). There is no death penalty other than this two people nationwide.

《Number of deaths》

　The admin estimates that the number of deaths during the rice riots is 33 nationwide. In Ube village, soldiers fired 43 shots, military police fired 2 shots, and 13 people (maybe 14 people) were shot dead. This is peculiar, accounting for about 40% of the death toll in the whole country.

　The next most common is Kure City, Hiroshima Prefecture, where four people have been stabbed to death by the bayonet of a Navy sailor ["Study of the Rice Riots," Vol. 4, p. 24].　 Yoshikawa, "Study of the so-called rice riots," pages 101 and 169, describes three dead people. The National Archives of Japan's Center for Asian Historical Records, " Disturbance cases in various places related to soaring rice prices problems, Part 2 Stop (14), Taisho 8, the Navy Archive Remarks--Volume 120" (Ref. c08021485500).

　At the Ochi Coal Mine in Saga Prefecture, the Army fired four cartridges, and two people, one person shot dead and one person stabbed, died instantly. In addition, two seriously injured people have died (whether they were shot or stabbed), so if it includes them, it will have four dead. (The above-mentioned " Disturbance cases in various places related to soaring rice prices problems " 479th image, 485th image).

　At the Mineji coal mine in Fukuoka Prefecture, two people, one shot dead and one stabbed by the Army, died (The above-mentioned " Disturbance cases in various places related to soaring rice prices problems" 483th image (Although it says "severely injured", it is dead), 486th image). The Army has stabbed one person at the central main mine of the Yahata Steel Works in Fukuoka Prefecture ("Study of the Rice Riots", Vol. 4, p. 418).

　In Wakayama City, the Army is stabbing one person (The above-mentioned " Disturbance cases in various places related to soaring rice prices problems " 479th image). In Wakayama prefecture, a mob is using the crowded situation to kill an ordinary person who may be informed to the police ("Study of the Rice Riots", Vol. 2, pp. 240-241).

　In Osaka and Kobe, the people and army cavalry and soldiers clashed. Two persons were stabbed to death by the army bayonet in Osaka City and four in Kobe City [Matsuo Takayoshi, "History of the People 21: Trends of Democracy," p. 124]. Yoshikawa's "Study of the So-called Rice Riots", page 99, cites page 691 of "Recent Social Movements" (Kyochokai 1929), and the number of deaths in Osaka is two. In Chibune-mura, Nishinari-gun, Osaka Prefecture, one mob leader was stabbed to death ("Study of the so-called Rice Riots", p. 101, "Study of the Rice Riots," Vol. 2, p. 89).

　There are some fatalities after serious injuries and it is difficult to confirm, but the fatalities are 4 in Kure City and 4 in Ochi Coal Mine, and due to citing Matsuo's description it is 2 in Osaka City and 4 in Kobe City. In addition to this, 13 people (14 people) from Ube Village, 2 people from Mineji Coal Mine, 1 person from the Central Main Coal Pit of Yahata Works, 2 people from Wakayama City / Wakayama Prefecture, and 1 person from Chibune Village, Nishinari District, and the deaths of rice riots nationwide are estimated that there are 33 people (34 people).

<< Related Death (Ube Coal Mine) >>

　According to a newspaper article, one of the miners who participated in the Ube rice riot attempted suicide while being hospitalized after being injured by an Army shot, and the life or death of this person is unknown. 1 person has escaped during the first trial and died by hanging himself, and one who died of starvation around the time of the first trial. In addition, the reason for the death is unknown, but according to the decision the final decision for the preliminary trial, one person has died by the end of the trial. Judicial authorities have charged rice riot participants with strict punishment. For this reason, it is inferred that the indicted person was burdened with a burden that could be life-threatening, both physically and mentally.

2022.1.23 

政府は社会問題化した米価高騰への対応を迫られるとともに、軍隊を出動させて米騒動の鎮静化を図った。

８月１３日に天皇の御内帑金（おないどきん）３００万円が政府に下賜され、道府県・市町村に配分された。御内帑金（困窮者救済のための天皇からの寄付金）を配分するための会議が各地域（県・市町村）で開かれた。御内帑金配分の会議がこの賑恤資金を呼び水にして、の会議の際に富豪に寄付金を呼びかけた。この寄付金に補助金を加えて資金とし、各市町村は白米の廉売を実施した。

政府は１３日の閣議で国庫金１０００万円を支出して内地米の強制買収の方針を示した。また、１５日の臨時閣議で、「穀類収用令」を緊急勅令として１６日に発表した（『米騒動の研究』第１巻１３８～１４５頁）。

この結果、市町村により販売価格、戸別の販売量、対象者、期間などに差はあるものの、市場価格１升４０銭円台の白米の多くは２５銭で販売された。（1升は1.5㎏。1円は100銭）。また、外米（サイゴン米・ラングーン米）も１５銭で廉売された。朝鮮からの移入米の価格は、内地米とほぼ同じ価格で、若干安い価格です。この廉売政策により、８月１６日までに米価廉売を求める大都市部の米騒動は鎮静化した（大都市最後の東京市の米騒動は8月１３日から１６日です）。

山口県内で８月１７日以降に発生した米騒動は、廉売政策を徹底しない村当局や寄付金を拠出しない富豪に対する廉売や寄付金拠出要請の行動が主である。８月１７日の宇部の米騒動は、宇部炭鉱鉱夫の賃上げ要求のストライキが契機となって米騒動に発展した。

米騒動当初、司法当局（司法省・大審院検事局）は生活に苦しむ民衆行動に慎重な措置を命じ、内務省も米価高騰による生活難から生じた社会問題と見て温情的だった。

しかし当時、新聞は、シベリア出兵に反対し、寺内内閣倒閣運動をすすめていた。米騒動が暴動化し、８月１３日に首都東京に伝播すると政府の対応は転換した。寺内内閣は、米騒動の拡大は新聞報道の影響が大きいとみて、１４日夜、水野錬太郎内相が「米騒擾」に関する一切の新聞記事掲載と号外発行の禁止を命令した。こののち、１５日から１８日までは、内務省発表の米騒動情報のみが記事となった。

 １８日、松室致（まつむろ－いたし）司法大臣は談話で、米騒動が食糧問題ではなく、犯罪であり暴徒の行為であるとした。そして、シベリア出兵中の「挙国一致、国内の秩序を保つ」ため、厳罰主義の方針を決定し、騒擾罪の適用に言及した。

The government was forced to respond to the rising price of rice, which has become a social problem, and dispatched an army to calm the rice riots.

On August 13, the emperor's money (Onaidokin) of 3 million yen was given to the government and distributed to prefectures and municipalities. Meetings were held in each region (prefectures / municipalities) to distribute the Onaidokin (a donation from the emperor to help the needy). At this conference, the donations from the emperor were used as priming water to call on the millionaires in each region to make donations. Municipalities sold white rice at a bargain price by adding public subsidies to donations from millionaires.

At a cabinet meeting on the 13th, the government announced a policy of compulsory acquisition of the domestically‐grown rice by spending 10 million yen of national treasury. In addition, at an extraordinary cabinet meeting on the 15th, it was decided to announce the "Cereal Expropriation Order" as an emergency decree on the 16th ("Study of the Rice Riots", Vol. 1, pp. 138-145).

　As a result, although there are differences in sales price, sales volume by household, target audience, period, etc. depending on the municipality, the white rice with a market price of 40-sen level per 1 Sho was sold almost for 25 sen. (1Sho is 1.5kg.1yen is 100sen). Foreign rice (Saigon rice, Rangoon rice) was also sold at a bargain price of 15 yen. The price of incoming transfer rice from Korea is almost the same as that of the domestically‐grown rice, which is a little cheaper. Due to this rice bargaining policy, the rice riots in metropolitan areas seeking bargaining of rice have ended by August 16. (The last rice riot in the big city, the rice riot in Tokyo City, ended on August 16^th.)

　The rice riots that have occurred in Yamaguchi Prefecture since August 17 are mainly protests against village authorities who do not thoroughly implement bargain policies, requests for donations to millionaires, and demands for bargain sales. In addition, the rice riot in Ube on August 17th were triggered by a strike by Ube coal miner requesting a wage increase.

　At the beginning of the rice riots, the judicial authorities (Ministry of Justice and the Prosecutor's Office of the Supreme Court) ordered cautious measures against the behavior of the people who suffered from living, and the Ministry of Home Affairs was sympathetic as a social problem caused by the difficulty of living due to the soaring rice prices.

However, at that time, newspapers opposed the Siberian intervention and promoted the movement to overthrow the Terauchi Cabinet. When the rice riots became riots and spread to the capital Tokyo on August 13, the government's response changed. The Terauchi Cabinet believes that the expansion of the rice riots will be greatly affected by newspaper reports, and on the night of the 14th, Interior Minister Mizuno Rentaro has ordered a ban on all newspaper articles and extra edition of a newspaper related to "Kome-Sojou (rice disturbance)." After that, from the 15th to the 18th, only the rice riots information announced by the Ministry of Interior became an article. 

　On the 18th, Justice Minister Matsumuro Itasi said in a discourse that the rice riots were not food problems, but crimes and mob acts. Then, in order to "unify the nation and maintain domestic order" during the Siberian intervention, the judicial authorities decided on a policy of strict punishment and mentioned the application of the crimes of disturbance.

《関連》米騒動時の政府・治安当局の高官

［内閣］総理大臣寺内正毅（陸軍・長州出身。貴族院・官僚内閣）。外務大臣後藤新平（台湾民生長官。初代南満州鉄道総裁）。内務大臣水野錬太郎（内務省官僚。貴族院議員）。司法大臣松室致（まつむろ-いたす。司法省官僚・前検事総長）。陸軍大臣大島健一。海軍大臣加藤友三郎。農商務大臣仲小路廉（なかしょうじ-れん。米価対策担当。内務省官僚・元警保局長）。

［司法官僚・内務官僚］司法省検事総長平沼騏一郎（ひらぬま－きいちろう）。内務省警保局長松村義一（まつむら-ぎいち）。

　貴族院議員は、爵位のある旧大名・明治維新功労者、官僚、学者、高額納税者などの議員で構成されていました。寺内内閣の大臣に就任したのは主に官僚出身の貴族院議員です。

　寺内内閣の外相・後藤新平（前内相）は、台湾総督府民政長官時代から鈴木商店と関係が深く、シベリア出兵積極派であった。神戸の商社鈴木商店は、第一次世界大戦期の国際的な船舶不足と穀物高騰で利益を得、三井物産・三菱商事を凌駕する業績を上げていた。政府の外米輸入指定店となった鈴木商店は米騒動で群衆の襲撃を受けた。

<< Related >> High-ranking officials of the government and security authorities during the rice riots

 [Cabinet] Prime Minister Terauchi Masatake (from the Army and Choshu. House of Peers and bureaucratic cabinet). Foreign Minister Goto Shinpei (Taiwanese Civil Affairs Secretary. First President of South Manchuria Railway). Interior Minister Mizuno Rentaro (Ministry of Interior bureaucrat, member of the House of Peers). Matsumuro Itasu, Minister of Justice (Bureaucrat of the Ministry of Justice, Former Prosecutor General). Minister of the Army Oshima Kenichi. Minister of the Navy Kato Tomosaburo. Minister of Agriculture and Commerce Nakashoji Ren (the charge of rice price measures, Ministry of Home Affairs bureaucrat, former Director of “Keihokyoku”).

 [Bureaucrats of Ministry of Justice and Ministry of Interior] Hiranuma Kiichiro, Chief Prosecutor of the Ministry of Justice. Matsumura Giichi, Director of “Keihokyoku”, Ministry of Home Affairs.

Members of the House of Peers consisted of former Daimyo of the Edo period and Meiji Restoration meritors, bureaucrats, scholars, and high-paying taxpayers etc. The minister of the Terauchi Cabinet was mainly a member of the House of Peers from a bureaucracy.

Goto Shinpei (former Interior Minister), the Foreign Minister of the Terauchi Cabinet, has had a close relationship with Suzuki Shoten since he was the Minister of Civil Affairs of the Government-General of Taiwan, and he was an active Siberian interventionist. Suzuki Shoten, a trading company in Kobe, profited from the international shortage of vessels and soaring grain prices during the First World War, and achieved a performance that surpassed that of Mitsui & Co. and Mitsubishi Corporation. Suzuki Shoten, which became the government's designated store for importing foreign rice, was attacked by the crowd due to the rice riots.

2022.1.24

『米騒動の研究』第５巻６頁では、「万田炭坑および大牟田周辺が、平穏に復した九月一二日をもって画期とすべきである。」「九月一二日熊本県・福岡県の三池鉱山の騒動終熄で一応終結したということになる。」としている。『米騒動の研究』第４巻４９４頁では万田炭坑の米騒動を（「九月四日～一〇日」）としているものの、同５０９頁では「一三日に至って「暴動以来九日振りにして全山全く鎮静に帰した」（「沿革史」）」とあり、９月１２日を終期とする。

In "Study of the Rice Riots", Volume 5, page 6, said that "The rice riot should end on September 12, when the Manda coal mine and the area around Omuta have returned to peace", "On September 12, the rice riots of nationwide ended for the time being with the end of the riot at the Miike coal mine, which straddles Kumamoto and Fukuoka prefectures." "Study of the Rice Riots ", Vol. 4, p. 494, describes the rice riot at Manda Coal Mine as "September 4th to 10th". However, on page 509, it is stated that "on September 13th, the whole mountain was completely sedated for the first time in nine days since the riot" ("History"), so September 12th is the end. 

アジア歴史資料センター（JACAR）Ref.A06030016200『昭和１４年調・大正７年に於ける所謂米騒動事件の概要』・内務省警保局保安課・第三係。

司法省の検事吉河光貞が著した『所謂米騒動事件の研究』（昭和14年1月）の記載内容の約4分の3は、この史料と同じ内容です。

吉河の著書には、「所謂戦時成金の発生と物価騰貴の一般的趨勢」、「米価昂騰と其の原因」、「所謂米騒動の各種外部的動向」、「所謂米騒動の社会的影響」という項目が別にあります。吉河は昭和14年1月に執筆していますので、内務省警保局は、吉河の研究の大部分を引用して昭和14年12月調としていることになります。

Japan Center for Asian Historical Records (JACAR) Ref.A06030016200 "Survey in 1939, Outline of the so-called Rice Riots Cases in 1918” Security Division (Third Section) of Keihokyoku, Ministry of Home Affairs.

Approximately three-quarters of the content of "Study of the so-called Rice Riots Cases" (January 1945) written by Yoshikawa Mitsusada, a prosecutor of the Ministry of Justice, is the same as this historical material.

　In Yoshikawa's books, there is another item, "The general trend of so-called wartime newly millionaire and rising prices", " Soaring rice prices and their causes", "Various external trends of so-called rice riots", and "Social impact of so-called rice riots". Since Yoshikawa wrote in January 1939, the Keihokyoku of the Ministry of Home Affairs cites most of Yoshikawa's research and publishes it as a December 1939 survey.

2022.1.24

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ＰＤＦ２１５頁。PDF 215 pages.