軍隊の出動と発砲 前半
Army dispatch and firing First half
警察の増強
８月１８日払暁、紀伊寛平山口県警察部長、村上英晫警務課長らは山口から自動車で宇部村に到着した。宇部分署員に加え、４０名の警察官が派遣され、さらに各署の応援員を加え、警部６、警部補６、巡査１８０名をもって警備部隊を編成した。暴徒約５００名は１８日の夜明けまでに８回にわたって分署の襲撃を繰り返し、警察は６８名を検挙した。（『山口県警察史』）
《補足》治安当局の移動に自動車が使用されている。フォードは、デトロイトの工場で、１９１４年にＴ型フォードのライン製造のシステムを完成し、低価格での大量生産が可能となった。第一次世界大戦期は、第２次産業革命期に当たり、自動車や飛行機を動かす内燃機関が発達し、工場用動力が蒸気機関から電動機（モーター）へ転換した。
Police augmentation
The dawn of August 18, Kii Kanpei the chief of Yamaguchi Prefectural Police, Murakami Hideaki manager of Prefectural Police, etc. had arrived at Ube Village by car from Yamaguchi. In addition to Ube police officers, 40 police officers were dispatched, and support officers from each police station were also added to form a police force with a police inspector 6, an assistant police inspector 6 and a police officer of 180. About 500 mobsters repeatedly attacked the branch police office eight times by the dawn of the 18th, and the police arrested 68 people. (“Yamaguchi Prefectural Police History”)
<< Supplement >> Cars were used to move security authorities. At Detroit, Ford completed the line manufacturing system of T-type Ford in 1914, enabling mass production at a low price. The period of the First World War was the Second Industrial Revolution, in which the internal combustion engines that moved cars and airplanes developed, and factory power was switched from steam engines to electric motors.
2020.4.23
東見初炭鉱鉱夫を中心とする鉱夫等が仲間の釈放を要求して押し寄せた船木警察署宇部分署。米騒動後に宇部警察署に昇格した（1918）。「市制記念写真集」転写。
Ube branch of Funaki police station, where miners, mainly Higashimizome Coal Miners, rushed in to demand the release of their fellows. Ube Branch Police Station promoted to Ube Police Station in 1918 after the rice riot. Transcription of "The city system enforcement commemorative photo book".
Taken from position A. Shinkawabashi, Tokiwa Street, Ube Bank (building with a observatory tower on the far right), Ube branch of Funaki police station (back left). (Administrator photographed the exhibition image on the 2nd floor of "Historia Ube"). (Can be enlarged)
Taken from position B. Former Ube Bank. There was a conference room on the 2nd floor and a observatory on the 3rd floor (Administrator photographed the exhibition image on the 2nd floor of "Historia Ube").
The left side of Tokiwa-dori, where Ube branch of Funaki police station was located in the image of A, was expanded to a 50m road in the post-war city planning after the air raid during the war. In the image, the former Ube City Hall was built on the left side of the 50m road. With the completion of the new government building (February 2022), the former Ube City Hall was demolished (June 2023).(Photo by administrator)
The current image from almost the same position as the image from position B. The former Ube Bank has passed through the former Yamaguchi Bank Ube Branch and is now Historia Ube. (Photo by administrator)
軍隊の出動
Army dispatch
出動要請と山口４２連隊の出動
１７日夜、宇部市街地全域が騒動化し、鉱夫らが商店などを襲撃して無警察化した。藤田権九郎宇部村長は中川望山口県知事に軍隊の出動を要請した。これにより、午後１１時、県知事は細野辰雄山口衛戍司令官（第２１旅団長・少将、山口町上宇野令）に出動要請を行った（第５師団の歩兵第２１旅団は歩兵第２１連隊（浜田）と歩兵第４２連隊（山口）を率いる）。
山口県西部の下関市、豊浦郡、宇部村のある厚狭郡は、小倉の第１２師団の管轄地域（第１２師管・徴兵の地域）であり、宇部村を管轄する衛戍司令官は下関要塞司令部（下関市上田中町）にいた。１２師団は最初にシベリアに出兵した師団で、米騒動時、宇部村からも出兵が始まっていた。１２師団は主力が出兵しつつあり、兵力が手薄な師団となったことに加え、門司で大規模な米騒動が発生して（１５～１６日）治安維持に追われていた。宇部炭鉱と時を同じくして１７日夜から筑豊炭田にある峰地炭鉱で米騒動が勃発し、下関でも不穏な動き（１６日）があった。このため１２師団は警戒や鎮圧のための出動先が多く、第１２師団と第５師団で調整した結果、１８日午前１時、第５師団管轄地域の、山口衛戍司令官が山口歩兵第４２連隊に出動命令を下した。（第５師団長福田雅太郎中将、広島市。山口歩兵第４２連隊長石川忠治大佐、山口町上宇野令）
１８日午前５時５２分の列車で、大隊長渋谷壽一少佐が指揮する２中隊２２０名が山口駅を出発した。宇部駅から宇部軽便鉄道（宇部駅～宇部新川駅。軽便鉄道はレールの幅が狭い）に乗り換え、午前８時１０分に宇部新川駅に到着した。当時の宇部新川駅は宇部軽便鉄道の終点で現在の宇部新川駅の南東側に位置していた。駅近くの宇部村立済美（せいび）実科高等女学校に大隊本部を置き、ただちに村内の警戒任務に就いた。高等女学校の校長は高野大祐（国語教師）で、妻の政枝（家庭科教諭）は学校で兵士の食事を準備した。
大隊の出動とともに憲兵２名（下士官・上等兵）、山口赤十字の救護班６名（医師、書記、看護師４名）が同行した。
Dispatch request and dispatch of the 42nd Yamaguchi Regiment
On the night of the 17th, the entire Ube city area became a riot, and miners etc. attacked shops and police could not maintain security. Fujita Gonkuro, Mayor Ube Village requested Nakagawa Nozomu, the governor of Yamaguchi Prefecture, to dispatch troops. As a result, at 11:00 pm, the governor of the prefecture requested Hosono Tatsuo, Commander of garrison at Yamaguchi (the 21st brigadier general / Major General, Kamiunoryo in Yamaguchi Town), to dispatch troops (The 21st Infantry Brigade leads the 21st Infantry Regiment (Hamada) and the 42nd Infantry Regiment (Yamaguchi)).
Shimonoseki City in the western part of Yamaguchi Prefecture, Toyoura District, and Asa District with Ube Village are the areas under the control of the 12th division of Kokura (the 12th division and conscription area), and the Commander of garrison was at Shimonoseki Fortress Command (Kamitanaka Town, Shimonoseki City). (Commander of garrison called "Eiju-shireikan" in japanese.) At the time of the rice riot, the 12th divisions were first division in Siberian dispatch troops, and Ube Village had also begun to dispatch soldiers. In addition to the fact that the12th division's main force were sent out and became troop lacking strength, a large rice riot occurred at Moji (15th to 16th). Also, at the same time as Ube coal mines rice riot, the rice riot of Mineji Coal Mine in the Chikuho coalfield occurred from the night of the 17th, and there was a disturbing move (16th) in Shimonoseki. the 12th division had many places to be dispatched for warning and suppression. For this reason, as a result of coordination between the 12th division and the 5th division, at 1 am on the 18th, Yamaguchi garrison Commander who was under the 5th division issued a dispatch order to Yamaguchi Infantry 42nd regiment. (the 5th divisional commander Fukuda Masataro Lieutenant General, in Hiroshima city. Commander of Yamaguchi infantry 42nd regiment IshikawaTadaharu Colonel, Kamiunoryo in Yamaguchi Town.)
On the 18th, at 5:52 am, 220 soldiers of 2 companies, commanded by Battalion commander Shibuya juichi Major, left Yamaguchi Station. They transferred to the Ube Keiben railway (Ube to Ube Shinkawa station) from Ube station, and arrived at Ube Shinkawa station at 8:30 am. Ube Shinkawa station at that time was located at the end of the Ube Keiven railway on the southeast side of the current Ube-Shinkawa station. The battalion set up the battalion headquarters at Ube Village Seibi Practice High School for Women near the station, and immediately took on a vigilance mission in the village. The principal of the high school was Takano Daisuke (Japanese language teacher), and his wife Masae (home economics teacher) prepared soldiers' meals at school.
When the battalion was dispatched, two military police officers (Non-Commissioned Officer and private first class) and six Yamaguchi Red Cross relief teams (doctor, secretary, and four nurses) accompanied them.
軍隊の増遣と帰営（陸軍資料と『馬關毎日新聞』記事）
１８日午後１時に１中隊（第９中隊）１３４名が増遣され、軍隊が実包発射した時には、３中隊（第１１、１２、９中隊）３５４名が市街地の各所に配置されていた。
１８日午後７時１２分に１中隊（第１または第２中隊）が増遣され、発砲（午後８時１０分）後の午後１０時に宇部村に到着した。
小野田方面も不穏となり、１８日午後１１時に石川連隊長、連隊本部、１中隊（第１または第２中隊）が増遣され、１９日午前２時に来着した。この結果、５中隊（第１１、１２、９、１、２中隊）の総員５５９名の編成となった。
１９日午後１時、細野衛戍司令官が宇部村に出張し、午後３時２０分に到着した。
２０日、平穏に帰し、午後、細野衛戍司令官山口帰還。午後８時２０分連隊本部（石川連隊長）及び３中隊（第１２・１・２中隊）３２３名、憲兵１名帰還。
小野田方面不穏のため、歩兵１小隊４７名分遣（～２６日まで）。
２２日、１中隊（第１１中隊）１０２名帰営。
２７日、大隊本部、１中隊（第９中隊）１１１名帰営。取り調べ未済のため１小隊２３名残置。
３０日、１小隊２３名帰営（全兵員引揚げ）。
Army build-up and return (Army documents and "the Bakan Mainichi Newspaper" article)
At 1:00 pm on the 18th, 134 soldiers of 1 company (the 9th company) were added, and when the army fired live ammunition, 354 3 companies (11th, 12th and 9th company) had been located in various places in the city.
One company (1st or 2nd company) was added at 7:12 pm on the 18th and arrived at Ube Village at 10 pm after fireing live ammunition.
The direction of Onoda Town became uneasy, and the regimental commander Ishikawa, regiment headquarters, and 1 company (1st or 2nd company) were added at 11:00 pm on the 18th and arrived at 2:00 am on the 19th. As a result, a total of 559 soldiers of 5 companies (11th, 12th, 9th, 1st, and 2nd company) were formed.
At 1 pm on the 19th, Yamaguchi garrison commander Hosono made a business trip to Ube Village and arrived at 3:20 pm.
On the 20th, Ube village returned to peace and returned to Yamaguchi in the afternoon, commander Hosono. 8:20 pm regiment headquarters ( regimental commander Ishikawa) and 3 companies (12th, 1st and 2nd company) 323 persons, 1 military police return.
Due to the unrest in the Onoda area, 47 soldiers in 1 infantry platoon were sent from the one company (until 26th).
On the 22nd, 102 soldiers in 1 company (11th company) returned to Yamaguchi.
On the 27th, battalion headquarters, 111 soldiers in 1 company (9th company) returned to Yamaguchi. 23 soldiers in 1 platoon remained because the prosecution criminal interrogation was not completed.
On the 30th, 1 platoon, 23 soldiers returned to Yamaguchi (all soldiers withdrawn).
2020.4.27
宇部村米騒動の出動兵力数の定説と実数
宇部村への出動兵力数の定説は、松尾尊兊「米騒動鎮圧の出兵規模」『史林』（71）1988の研究です。歴史教育協議会編・井本三夫監修『図説 米騒動と民主主義の発展』民衆社2004、146－149頁もこの論文を引用しています。
この定説については、木京睦人「陸軍省記録にみる大正七年宇部の「米騒動」について」『山口県地方史研究』（第九九号 2008年 74～82頁）が、「米価騰貴ニ基ク各地騒擾ノ件」（JACAR Ref. C03011253500 陸軍省大日記 大日記乙輯 大正８年（防衛研究所）」）を典拠にした出兵数（論文８１頁、表２）を掲載しています。
下記の表は松尾・木京の研究の上に、小野田方面への分遣等を加えて管理者が作成したものです。
松尾は、全国最多の出兵数を下関市としていますが、この定説は検討が必要と考えます（当ＨＰ「Ⅱ－３ 山口県の米騒動」→「（６）下関地区（現下関市）」→「12下関（しものせき）市」（クリック・内部リンク）のページを参照）。
Ube Village rice riot, number of mobilized soldiers of established theory and real number.
The established theory of the number of soldiers dispatched to Ube village is a study by Matsuo Takayoshi, "Scale of troops to suppress the rice riot", Shirin (71) 1988. This paper is also cited in the book " Illustrated, the rice riot and the Development of Democracy" edited by the History Education Council, Supervised by Imoto Mitsuo, Minshuusha 2004, pp. 146-149.
Regarding this established theory, Kikyo Mutsuto posted “On Ube rice riot in the 7th year of Taisho in the records of the Ministry of the Army”, “Yamaguchi Prefecture Local History Study” (No. 99, 2008, pp. 74-82), and he described the number of soldiers ( paper pp.81, Table 2) based on ""a description of the uproar incidents in various places caused by rising rice prices" JCAR Ref. C03011253500 Dainikki-Otushuu of Army Ministry Big Diary, Taisho 8 (The National Institute for Defense Studies)".
The table below created by the administrator after considering studies of Matsuo and Kikyo, with the addition of the number of soldiers dispatched to the Onoda area.
Matsuo says that the largest number of soldiers dispatched nationwide was in Shimonoseki City, but I think this established theory needs Re-examination. (Refer to the page of this HP "II-3 Yamaguchi Prefecture rice riot" → "(6) Shimonoseki District (current Shimonoseki City)" → "12 Shimonoseki City (click)").
《宇部村米騒動 軍隊出動兵力数》
定説・・表①②③-松尾尊兊の推定兵力数。
新史料・・表⑤-木京睦人の紹介。
総合・・表⑦⑧⑨-管理者が小野田方面の分遣等を加えた兵力数。
Ube Village rice riot, number of mobilized soldiers
Theories: Table ①②③-Estimated number of soldiers of Matsuo Takayoshi.
New historical materials: Table ⑤-Introduction by Kikyo Mutsuto.
Overall: Table ⑦ ⑧ ⑨-The number of
soldiers by which the administrator adds the detachment in the direction of Onoda.
ＰＤＦ１ページ。管理者作成。右上の矢印をクリックすると全ページを見ることができます。
PDF. Created by an administrator. You can see all pages by clicking the arrow on the upper right.
軍隊の発砲
Army firing
鉱夫らは二度殺された。最初は陸軍に射殺され、次に、陸軍に「ダイナマイト」（爆弾）を投げたという捏造と大新聞、歴史学者による不当な扱いに殺された。
The miners etc. were killed twice. First, miners etc. shot dead by the Army, next, they were killed by the Army's groundlessly fabrication that the miners threw the "dynamite" (bomb) into the army and the unjustified treatment described by major newspapers and historians.
軍隊の配置
≪第１２中隊１１８名≫（中隊長乃美中尉）中隊本部は分署前の門前。第１小隊、常盤通り警察分署・新川橋附近。第２小隊（小隊長永岡中尉）老松町遊郭付近。第３小隊（小隊長前原中尉）常盤通・警察分署付近・・第３小隊が発砲か。
≪第１１中隊１０２名≫（中隊長高津大尉）。新川より西側。沖ノ山炭鉱本坑・新坑、第二沖ノ山炭鉱の鉱夫を抑圧。
≪第９中隊１３４名≫（中隊長松田大尉）。東見初炭鉱周辺、老松町附近。
Arrangement of troops in the village
<< 118 personnel of the 12th company >> (the flight leader Nomi First Lieutenant) the company headquarters is in front of the gate of branch police office. Near the 1st platoon Tokiwadori police branch and Shinkawa bridge. The second platoon (element leader Nagaoka First Lieutenant) near the Oromatsucho "Yukaku". 3rd platoon (the element leader Maehara First Lieutenant) Tokiwa-dori, near the police branch ... Is this the soldier who fired?
<< 102 personnel of the 11th company >> (the flight leader Takatsu Captain). West side of Shinkawa river. Okinoyama Coal Mine main mine, new mine, second Okinoyama Coal Mine miners suppressed.
≪134 personnel of 9th company ≫ (fligt leader Matsuda Captain). Around Higashimizome Coal Mine, near Oimatsucho.
東見初鉱夫らの引致者釈放要求の押し出し
引致者の釈放を求める東見初炭鉱（約１１００名と推定）、大畠炭鉱、旧見初炭鉱の鉱夫ら約１２００名（推定）が老松町遊郭裏広場に集合した。このうち数百名が老松町附近の警戒線を突破して常盤通りに進出し、宇部分署に迫った。
Extrude demanding release of detainees by Higashimizome miners etc
About 1,200 people (estimated) including Higashimizome Coal Mine (estimated to be about 1,100 people), Ohata Coal Mine, and former Mizome Coal Mine miners demanding release of detainees gathered at square behind Oimatsu-cho Yukaku. Hundreds of them broke through the warning line near Oimatsu-cho and advanced to Tokiwa-dori, approaching Ube branch police office.
2020.4.29
発砲（１８日午後８時１０分）現場の状況（目撃によって書かれた新聞記事）
目撃による記事:『宇部時報』。特派員の現地取材による記事:『馬關毎日新聞』、『防長新聞』。
Shooting (8:10 pm, 18th) on-site situation (Newspaper article written by sighting)
Article written by sighting:” The Ubejiho”. Article written by a correspondent dispatched to the field:” The
Bakanmainichi-Shinbun”,” The Bocho-Shinbun”.
『宇部時報』大正７年（1918）８月２１日３面。「宇部の大不祥事」。
"The Ubejiho" 3rd page on August 21, 1918. "Great scandal of Ube".
『宇部時報』大正７年８月２５日３面。「大不祥事別報」
"The Ubejiho" 3rd page on August 25, 1918. "Great scandal Another article"
○『宇部時報』大正７年８月２５日３面、「〇大不祥事別報」の画像の５段目。「目撃者の一人たる記者はその前後（註・銃聲の前後）の光景を精細に記述して讀者に奉する責任がある」。
宇部時報社の社屋（常盤通り宇部分署隣・下図参照）の前が発砲現場。
〇『宇部時報』大正７年８月２５日３面、「●正誤」の記事（「〇大不祥事別報」の画像の下から３段目」）。
「去る廿一日發行の本紙第三面欄宇部の不祥事と題する記事は當地に於ける暴動の狀況を最も公平に而して極めて冷静に筆を執りたる」。記者は記載内容に自信を持っている。
○ "The Ubejiho" 3rd page, August 25, 1918, 5th step of the image of "Great scandal another article"."A reporter, one of the witnesses, is responsible for describing in detail the scenes before and after that (the comment: before and after gunshot), and telling the observer."
The shooting site is in front of the office building of The Ubejihosha (next to Tokiwa-dori Ube branch police office, see the figure below).
〇 “The Ubejiho” 3rd page, August 25, 1918, “● Correctness” article (3rd step from the bottom of the image of “○ Great scandal another article”).
"The third page of this paper, published on the 21st, titled" The Scandals of Ube, "describes the state of the riots in Ube in the fairest and extremely calm way. Reporters are confident in what they describe.
〇『宇部時報』
・８月21日版
「彼等は厳重なる警戒線を突破して新川橋を渡らんとするにぞ第一線の歩兵数名は空砲を放ちたるに彼等は一度は驚いて退きたるも其の空砲なることを知るや鬨を作って突入せんとするにぞ今度は實弾を發射したるため先登に立たる十三人を倒し十七人に負傷せしめたる」
・８月25日版
「先頭は警官の劍を捉へ、兵士の銃劒を押えてサア切れサア撃てと身を以て迫り寄る、その暴戻獰猛な態度は筆にも舌にも竭されず或者は煉瓦や瓦の片を採てなげ抛げつける、何とも手のつけやうがない遂に前原隊長は大隊長に發砲の指令を仰いだ、先づ十五發はかりの空砲を放つた、先頭の兇徒は一齊に地上に平伏したが空砲と知るや彼等は一層に猛り狂ふた、その状は最早人間ではない、然し大部分の者は銃聲と共に四散して姿を匿したやうであつた、前原隊長は決然として十歩後へを命じた、二十餘名の兵が背進すると同時に居列ぶ警官が一齊に抜劍した
白刃電光と相映じて凄滄の氣が漲る、慓悍なる兇徒は棒を揮つて突進する、今は是までと最後の命が下ると一齊に放つた銃聲が耳を裂く、實弾だ！」
〇"The Ube-jiho"
・ August 21version
Because they tried to break through the severe warning line and cross Shinkawabashi. Some frontline infantry fired blank guns. They were once surprised and retreated, but when they knew it was an empty gun, they shouted and tried to charge. This time they killed 13 people who were in the forefront because they fired live ammunition, and injured 17 people.
The miner of the forefront grabbed the police officer's sword and pressed the soldier's bayonet. Then the miner urged them to slash the miner and shot the miner. The violent rebellious attitude is beyond description, and some miners etc. take bricks or pieces of roof tiles and threw them. Because it can't help, platoon leader Maehara finally asked for judgment the battalion commander for a command to firing. First, about 15 blank shots were fired. The leading mob fell flat on the ground, but when they knew it was an empty gun, they became even more mad. That situation is no longer human. However, most of them disappeared in all directions with gunshots, and disappeared. Platoon leader Maehara ordered decisively to pull back 10 steps. Over twenty soldiers went backwards and at the same time the police officers in the row they pulled on the swords all at once.
The light of the white blade made a contrast with the electric light complement each other, and the sight was surrounded by atmosphere filled with dreadful and pitiful. A quick and strong mob swung up the sticks and pushed forward. Right now, this is the end anymore, when the last command came the gunshot fired all at once tears my ears, and it's a live ammunition!
2020.5.8
発砲現場は宇部時報社の社屋の前であり、軍の発砲時の『宇部時報』の記事は目撃して書かれた。
The firing location was in front of the Ube-jiho-sha's building, and the article when the army fired was witnessed and written.
2020.8.13更新
○『馬関毎日新聞』大正７年８月２０日付（１８日夜「暴徒と軍隊衝突中に」特派員が宇部新川に着き、「砲煙濛々死屍累々の裡を馳駆して得たる詳報」の記事である）
○ “The Bakan Mainichi Shimbun” dated August 20, 1918
The correspondent arrived at Ube-Shinkawa during a collision between the mob and the army on the night of the 18th, and an article written by a correspondent by running around the place where the smoke of the gun stagnated and the dead body piled up".
「白手拭の後鉢巻紺足袋白股引を穿ち白襯衣の軽装にて手に大なる棍棒を携へたる彼等」「体躯偉大にして相貌虎の如き兇漢あり一隊を指揮して號令發し進め～と連呼しナニ軍隊が怖い事があるか、あれは虚勢を張るのだ、軍隊は人民を殺すもので□ない、發砲しても空砲だ、逆□（樣か）に此方から軍隊の中央に突込めよとて益々前進すれば今は警戒の軍隊も如何ともする由なく止むなく一歩二歩所定の位置より退くに至りしが折柄勢ひに乗じたる暴徒は其の数二千と注せられたるが手に～ビール、空瓶、石等を警察署内に投げ入れ兩隊の間隔は僅かに数歩を隔つるのみとなれる箇所まで前進し來り何故發砲せぬか味方の者の死顔を見ぬ迄は引かぬと猛烈に迫り來り中には兵士の銃を握りてサア討て～と呼ばばるに此處守備の乃美十二中隊長は最早猶豫ならずとなし一令の下に十歩後退をなさしめ空砲数發を發すると共に續いて弾装を命じたるが彼等暴徒は空砲の音に地上に平伏したるも續く實弾数發に先頭の十数名忽ちバタ～と将棋倒しに斃れたり」（□は読めず。）
"They wore headbands of white towels tied at the back of their heads, navy blue socks and white close-fitting trousers, and white shirts, that was easy to move around, carrying large clubs in their hands." There was a mob with a very good physique and a tiger-like appearance. He commanded a group, gave a command, and called them forward repeatedly. The army isn't afraid, it's a bluff. The army does not kill the people. Even if the army shoot it, it’s an empty gun. Vice versa, if the miners proceed from here to the center of the troops and move forward, the wary troops couldn't do anything to the miners. The army unavoidably stepped back two steps behind. At that time, the number of mobs that got into the momentum was recorded as 2,000, but he threw beer, an empty bottle, a stone, etc. in his hand and threw them into the police station. As groups of mobs advanced, the distance between mob and security forces became only a few steps. The miner asked the soldier why wouldn't fire, and the miners told the soldier that the miners wouldn't retreat until miners saw the dead face of fellow. And the miners fiercely approached the soldier. Some miners grab a soldier's gun, and called for soldiers to shoot miners. Flight leader Nomi, who was defending this place, decided that he could no longer not delay, and ordered the soldiers to step back 10 steps. The soldier fired several empty guns, and Nomi subsequently ordered the soldier to load bullets. The mob squatted down on the ground with the sound of an empty gun. By some live ammunition fired subsequently, more than a dozen miners at the forefront quickly fell over like a file of dominoes one after another."
○『防長新聞』大正７年８月２１日付（特派員が１９日午後７時に宇部着、直ちに取材）
○ "The Boucho Shimbun" dated August 21, 1918 (Correspondent arrived at Ube at 7:00 pm on the 19th, interviewed immediately)
「やがて日暮れたれば暴徒は談判無用と叫び鯨波を上げつゝ分署に迫り常盤町一杯に押し寄せ警官は抜刀にて軍隊は着剣にて之を押へたるも益々荒れて遂には軍隊の前列の者より銃を取り返さんとするさへあり已むなく命令一下空射を行ひたるに暴徒は之を知りて少しも動ぜず危機一髪に迫りて第二の命令にて○○するにに（ママ）至り暴徒の内バタ～と十数名打ち斃れたれば此時始めてソレ○○だと云つて逃げ散せり」（○は新聞記事の伏字。）
“Soon, when the sun goes down, mobs screamed no need to negotiate, approached the branch office of police while raising a battle cry, and the mobs rushed in Tokiwacho and filled all over Tokiwacho. The police officer pulled out the sword and the army pushed the mob at a bayonet. The mob were becoming more and more stormy, and eventually even trieing to rob the guns from soldier in the front row of the army. Unavoidably, the soldiers fired an empty gun at the command of the superior, but the mob was not upset at all, knowing that it was an empty gun. As the crisis approached and a second command was issued, a live ammunition was fired, and more than a dozen miners were fell over one after another. This time for the first time, the miner ran away in all directions saying it was a live ammunition.”
2020.5.9
判決文・証言
Sentence of judgment / Witness
○判決文 「理由 第五」（高野義祐『米騒動記』１０８頁）
『米騒動記』の中に、高野義祐が筆写した「大正九年刑事裁判原本（甲）」（山口地方検察庁所蔵）が所収されている。布引敏雄と管理者は、原本と高野の筆写を対校し、正確に筆写されていることを確認した。
高野は筆写を認められているのだから、現在、山口地方検察庁が複写、メモを認めないことは不当ではなかろうか。2020.9.16追記
○ Judgment sentence "Reason 5th" (Takano Yoshisuke, “The rice riot chronicle” page 108)
The "the original of the judgment of Criminal Case Trial of Taisho 9" (Section A) (Yamaguchi District Public Prosecutors Office), which was transcribed by Takano Yoshisuke, is included in the "The rice riot chronicle". Nunobiki Toshio and the administrator checked the original and Takano's transcripts at Yamaguchi District Public Prosecutors Office and confirmed that they were copied accurately.
Since Takano is allowed to copy by the Yamaguchi District Public Prosecutors Office, it would be an injustice for the Yamaguchi District Public Prosecutors Office to not allow copying and memos at present.
「午後二時頃に到り同坑坑夫など多数向鉢巻をなし千本または鶴嘴の柄などの棍棒を携え同炭坑内に集合したる上喊声を揚げながら続々老松町遊郭裏広場に進出したるが、附近の沖見初炭坑旧見初炭坑大畠炭坑坑夫なども亦漸次前記広場に集合し来りその勢数千人に及び宇部警察署に押寄せんとして、警戒中の軍隊および警察官の制止を肯ぜず、之に抵抗して喧騒し遂にその内千余名は同遊郭附近の哨兵線を突破し喊声を揚げて常盤通りに出て宇部警察分署附近に殺到し、警戒の警察官を駆逐して分署を守備せる一個中隊の軍隊に肉迫し中隊長および大隊長の説諭に服せず頻りに畄置人の放還を強要したるにより、北川署長は一時数名の畄置者を放還したるが、群集は山口、下関方面に押送せられたる者をも放還するにあらざれば解散せずと怒号し益く暴威を昂め、軍隊に対し棍棒鶴嘴の柄麦酒壜瓦石などを投付け兇暴なる十数名は一斎に同署内に突入せんとしまた軍隊に接近して銃器を奪取せんとするが如き暴行を逞うするに到りたるより、同八時頃遂に軍隊のため射撃せられて死傷二十数名生じたる」
Around 2:00 pm, many miners etc. such as Higashimizome Coal Mine miners etc. gathered in that coal mine with white headbands tied at front of their head and with had the clubs (such as a "Senbon" or a pickaxe's handle etc.). After that, the miners screamed and moved one after another to the Oimatsucho "Yukaku" back plaza. The miners, etc. of the Okimizome Coal Mine, the Old-Mizome Coal Mine, the Ohata Coal Mine that were near the Higashimizome Coal Mine, gradually gathered in the plaza and spread to thousands of people. They tried to rush to the Ube police station. Therefore, he ignored the restraint of the armed forces and police officers who were on the alert, and resisted the armed forces and the police and made a noise. at last, over the 1000 miners etc. among the members of the group broke through the patrol line near the "Yukaku" district, screamed and advanced to Tokiwa-dori and rushed to near the Ube Police station. The miners etc. drived out the police officers who were on guard and squeezed the army of a single company that was defending the branch police office, and did not submit to the instructions of the company flight leader and the battalion commander, often forcing the detainee's release. There, Kitagawa chief of the Ube police station released once a few detainees. The crowd became more violent and shouted loudly that they would not be dissolved unless they released the people who were sent to Yamaguchi and Shimonoseki. The miners etc. cast a club, a pickaxe's handle, a beer bottle, and a tile stone against the army, and 10 people or more violent men tried to plunge into the Ube police station all at once. In addition, the mob came close to the armed forces and assaulted them as if he were trying to deprived the soldier's bayonet. For this reason, around 8 pm, miners were at last shot by the army, resulting in more than 20 casualties.
2020.5.17
○「証人山本卯一の予審調書」（高野義祐『米騒動記』１２７～１２８頁）
〇 “Witness Yamamoto Uichi's preliminary hearing record” (Takano Yoshisuke, “The rice riot chronicle” page 127 to 128)
「其後遊郭裏広場に行きたるに同所には兵隊二、三十人歩哨を張り居り、群集は千人以上も集合し先頭の二、三百名の坑夫は押合をなし居りたるが、其処にて自分は犯人取戻の為集合したる者なる事を知り、且先に其交渉に警察に行きたる者が未だ帰らざる由を聞きたるより、自分も警察に行きたるに、常盤通常盤写真館前辺りにも又兵隊が歩哨して先に行くことが出来ず。其内弓山某なる者の尽力により引致者五名を放還し貰いたるが、其際には巳に数百の群集が常盤写真館附近まで押寄せ来り居りたるより、自分は組長竹波と其事を群集に話し退散を諭したるも、群集は警察に引致せられたる者は尚多数あり。山口裁判所にも引かれ居るより、夫等も皆出し貰わざれば解散せずと押合い居りたるより、更に小島某の尽力により警察の畄置所を取調べ貰い右事情を群集に話し退散すべき旨を諭したるに、其時二、三百名は退散したるも、尚三、四百名退散せずして益〱（註・繰り返しの「へ」で「ますます」か）騒ぎ出し先頭の者は兵隊と押合を始めたるより兵隊は空砲を発射するに到り、大部分退却したるが尚三、四十名踏み止まり軍隊に追及して衝突し居りたるが、遂に軍隊は数歩退き実弾を発射し、そのため三、四十名の暴徒が死傷するに到りたる旨の供述記載」。
“After that, when I went to the "Yukaku" back plaza,20 to 30 soldiers had were making a sentry line in the same place. The crowd gathered more than 1,000 people, and 200 to 300 people of the top were pushing and pressing each other. At that place, I learned that I had gathered to recover the criminal. Moreover, I heard that the person who went to the police to return the criminal earlier did not come back yet, so I went to the police myself. In front of Tokiwa photo studio of Tokiwa-street, soldiers also made sentry and could not go ahead. Soon, we had five detainees released by the efforts of someone Uchiyama. At that time, hundreds of crowds had already rushed to the vicinity of Tokiwa Photo Museum, so I told the crowd that they had been released together with "Kumicho" Takenami and advised them to leave. However, the crowd argued that there were many other people detained by the police, and because they were also taken to the Yamaguchi Court, all of them would not be dissolved unless they were released. And they were pushing and pressing each other. Furthermore, someone Kojima worked hard to investigate the police detention center and told the crowd about the situation and advised them to leave. At that time, two or three hundred people retreated, but still three or four hundred people stayed there, and they started to make noise more and more and the mob of the front began to press with the soldiers. There, the soldiers fired an empty gun, so most of them retreat, but still three or forty people stayed on and pursued responsibility of the army and clashed. So, at last, the army retreated a few steps and fired live ammunition, which resulted in the death or injury of 30 to 40 mobs. As described above, the witness made a deposition, and which the court wrote. “
2020.5.19
陸軍の発表（談話）
Army announcement (Discourse)
《井本三夫監修『図説 米騒動と民主主義』374頁》
《Imoto Mitsuo's supervision, “Illustration: The Rice Riot and Democracy,” page 374》
「陸軍省も虚偽発表」
“The Department of the Army also announced a lie”
この本は、陸軍省が８月２２日に記者会見し、坑夫が爆弾を使用した後に軍隊が発砲したとする「真っ赤なウソの発表」をして発砲を正当化したと指摘している。この「ウソの発表」は『報知新聞』・『大阪朝日新聞』・『東京朝日新聞』８月２３日付に掲載された。
This book points out that the Department of Army justified the gunfire by issuing "a downright lie announcement" that the army fired after a miner used a bomb at a press conference on August 22. "This downright lie" was published in "The Hochi Shinbun", "The Osaka Asahi Shimbun", and "The Tokyo Asahi Shimbun" on August 23.
2020.5.20
「発表」というより談話
Discourse rather than announcement
宇部の米騒動に関する『大阪朝日新聞』の記事は山口からの電報をもとに記述されている。しかし、坑夫が爆弾を使用したので軍隊が発砲したという記事は、「東京電話」をもとに記述されている。また、『大阪毎日新聞』には宇部の坑夫が爆弾を使用したという記事はない。したがって、坑夫が爆弾を使用したという記事は、「某陸軍当局」が『東京朝日新聞』と『報知新聞』の記者に話をした内容と考えることができる。その情報は『東京朝日新聞』から『大阪朝日新聞』に電話で伝えられたのであろう。宇部の坑夫が爆弾を投げたという情報は、陸軍が新聞記者を集めて公式発表したものではない。
2020年5月、東京高検検事長が『産経新聞』記者と『朝日新聞』社員で賭けマージャンをしていたことが判明した。当時、陸軍と記者の間にこのような密接な関係があったのではなかろうか。このような関係を利用して、陸軍関係者が坑夫が爆弾を投げたという偽の情報をリークし、それを記者が記事にした可能性があると考える。
The other articles in the "Osaka Asahi Shimbun" about Ube's rice riot are based on the "Yamaguchi Telegram". However, the article that the army fired because the miners used a bomb is based on the "Tokyo Phone." Also, there is no article in the Osaka Mainichi Shimbun that Ube miner used a bomb. Therefore, it can be considered that the article that the miner used the bomb described that "a certain Army authority" spoke to reporters of "Tokyo Asahi Shimbun" and "Hohchi Shimbun". The information may have been transmitted by telephone from "Tokyo Asahi Shimbun" to "Osaka Asahi Shimbun". The information that Ube miners threw bombs was not officially released by the Army by gathering newspaper reporters.
In May 2020, it was revealed that the Superintending Prosecutor of the Tokyo High Public Prosecutor's Office was betting Mahjong with a reporter from the Sankei Shimbun and an Asahi Shimbun employee. I wonder if there was such a close relationship between the Army and the reporters at that time. Using this kind of relationship, Army officials may have leaked false information that the miners had thrown a bomb, which the reporter may have written.
2020.8.9
『大阪朝日新聞』（大正７（１９１８）年８月２３日） "The Osaka Asahi Shinbun" (August 23, Taisho7/1918)
"Osaka Asahi Shimbun" (7th page of the morning edition on August 23, 1918). A copy of the Asahi Shimbun Digital Archive "Kikuzo II" (Yamaguchi Prefectural Yamaguchi Library). Taken by the administrator.
実弾使用は当然
対手（あいて）の出様一つである
何（ど）んな場合でも空包に限るとの規定はない
今回の騒擾事件に関し群衆鎮撫の為派遣せられたる衛戍部隊が実弾を使用せし結果群衆側に多数の死傷者を生じたるに付某陸軍当局は曰く、騒擾事件に関する報告は文書としては未だ到着し居らざるも各地より其都度概略を打電し来れるものに就て見るに鎮撫に向ひたる軍隊が実弾を使用し群衆に死傷者を生じたるは事実なり今一一記憶に存せざるも山口県下宇部炭鉱の暴動に際し其事ありたるは電報報告にて承知せり斯かる場合に於て空包を使用すべし実弾は使用す可らずと云ふが如き事なし勿論緊急已むを得ざる防衛の程度を超えて徒らに兵器を使用するは可なる所以を見ざるも宇部暴動の場合の如きは坑夫が熾（さかん）に爆弾を投じ危険言ふ許りなかりしを以て派遣部隊も遂に最後の非常手段に出でたるなるべし云々（東京電話）
● Use of live ammunition is natural
It determined by the opponent's way
There is no stipulation that it is limited to empty gun in any case
“A large number of casualties were caused on the crowd side as a result of the use of live ammunitions by the troops of garrison at Yamaguchi dispatched to suppress the crowd in this time. Regarding this, a certain Army official said: A report on the riot case has not arrived yet as a document, but when it comes to things that can be received telegram from each place in each case, it is true that the troops destined for suppression used live ammunition and caused casualties in the crowd. I don't remember each one now, but I know in the telegram report that there were the casualties by a shot of live ammunitions during the riot of the Ube Coal Mine in Yamaguchi Prefecture. In such cases, there is no provision that the army should use empty gun and not live ammunition. Of course, there is no reason for the army to use the weapons unnecessarily beyond the extent of urgent and unavoidable defense. However, in the case of the Ube riot, the miners had thrown bombs vigorously and it was extremely dangerous. There the dispatch troops finally also exercised its last resort. (Telephone from Tokyo)”
"The Osaka Asahi Shimbun" (August 23, 1919, 7 pages)
The content of the article is exactly the same as the "Osaka Asahi Shimbun".
（8.23 Kobeyushin ）
"The Kobeyushin-Nippo" August 23, 1918
『大阪朝日新聞』と『神戸又新日報』１９１８．８．２３付朝刊の記事は、見出し、行数、フォントなど一字一句違わず、完全に一致している。これは神戸大学経済経営研究所の『新聞資料集成』が典拠を誤り、『大阪朝日新聞』の記事を『神戸又新新聞』としたことによる。
画像:【誤】（８・２３ 神戸又新）→【正】（８・２３ 大阪朝日新聞）
The articles in the "The Osaka Asahi Shimbun" and "The Kobeyushin-Nippo" 1918.8.23 in the morning edition are exactly the same in terms of headings, line numbers, fonts, and so on. This is because the "Compilation of Newspaper Materials" by the Research Institute for Economics and Business Administration, Kobe University, quoted the article "Osaka Asahi Shimbun" but mistakenly described it as "Kobe Matashin Shimbun".
image:【wrong】（８・２３ Kobeyushin）→【right】（８・２３ Osaka Asahi Shinbun）
『神戸又新日報』の８月２３日付の記事には画像の記事はない（神戸市立中央図書館のマイクロフィルムで確認2019.7.10）。神戸大学経済経営研究所『新聞資料集成』の誤記により混乱が生じた。
There is no article of the image in the article on August 23 of "The Kobeyushin Nippo". (Confirmed with microfilm of Kobe City Central Library 2019.7.10). Confusion occurred due to an error in " Compilation of Newspaper Materials", Institute of Economics and Business Research, Kobe University.
《神戸大学経済経営研究所から誤りを確認したという電話あり》
〇２０１９年７月１３日付文書で、神戸大学経済経営研究所に前記『新聞資料集成』の典拠に誤りがあることを指摘し、『神戸又新日報』１９１８年７月２３日付を添えて確認をお願いした。
〇２０１９年７月１９日に同研究所より電話があり、資料の「神戸又新」は「大阪朝日」の誤りであることを確認した。
電話では、新聞の切り抜きは教授が行い、台紙に貼り、「神戸又新」としたのは事務方という説明でした。
〇「神戸大学経済経営研究所」の『資料集成』という権威を管理者が信頼してしまい、『神戸又新日報』の原紙の記事を確認せず、論文や学習指導案、プレゼン資料等で使用したことをお詫びいたします。（最終更新2019.7.19）
《There was a phone call from the Economic and Business Research Institute of Kobe University that confirmed the error》
〇 In a document dated July 13, 2019, I pointed out to the Institute of Economics and Business Administration, Kobe University, that there was an error in the source of the above-mentioned “newspaper materials compilation” and asked for confirmation by enclosing the "Kobe Mata New Daily" dated July 23, 1918.
〇 I received a phone call from the institute on July 19, 2019 and confirmed that “Kobeyushin” was an error of “Osaka Asahi”.
On the phone, the person in charge explained that the professor cut out the newspaper, stuck it on a mount and the university staff wrote "Kobeyushin".
〇Since the administrator trusted the authority of “materials compilation” of “Kobe University Institute of Economics and Business Administration”, I used in papers, learning teaching plans, presentation materials, etc. without checking the original paper articles of “Kobeyushin Nippo”, I apologize for this.
2020.5.20
『東京朝日新聞』１９１８年８月２３日付４面に、『大阪朝日新聞』とほぼ同じ内容の「騒擾と實彈使用」という見出しの記事あり（以下の画像）。
『東京朝日新聞』と『大阪朝日新聞』の記事は見出しを除きほぼ一致しており、『大阪朝日』の記事のソースは「東京電話」になっている。このことから、『東京朝日』が陸軍から情報を入手し、『大阪朝日』は『東京朝日』から記事の原文を電話で入手したと考えられます。ただし、見出しは『大阪朝日』が独自に付けました。
『報知新聞』１９１８年８月２３日付２面に、「軍隊銃殺事件 陸軍當局辯明」という見出しの記事があります（以下の画像）。陸軍は暴徒が爆弾を投げたため正当防衛で実弾発射したと説明しています。陸軍当局は、『報知新聞』と『東京朝日新聞』の記者に、（鉱夫が）軍隊に「爆弾」を投じたため、正当防衛で実弾を発射したと捏造して談話したことがわかります。
“The Tokyo Asahi Sinbun” On the 4th page of "The Tokyo Asahi Shimbun" August 23, 1918, there is an article with the same content as "Osaka Asahi Shimbun", titled "Turmoil and a shoot of live ammunition" (image below).
The articles of "Tokyo Asahi Shimbun" and "Osaka Asahi Shimbun" are almost the same except for the headline, and the source of the article of "Osaka Asahi" is "Tokyo Phone". From this, it is considered that "Tokyo Asahi" obtained information from the Army, and "Osaka Asahi" obtained the original text of the article from "Tokyo Asahi" by telephone. However, the headline was added by "Osaka Asahi".
”Hochi-Shinbun” On the second page of "The Hochi Shimbun" on August 23, 1918, there is an article heading "Army's gun murder case: an explanation of the Army authorities" (the image below). The Army explained that they shot dead in a legitimate defense because the miners had threw a bomb. It can be seen that the Army authorities made a discourse to reporters of The Hochi-Shimbun and The Tokyo Asahi Shimbun, fabricating a story that (the miners) had thrown a "bomb" into the army and therefore fired the live ammunitions with legitimate defense.
『東京朝日新聞』 "The Tokyo Asahi Sinbun"
"Tokyo Asahi Shimbun" August 23, 1918, 4th page. Almost the same content as "Osaka Asahi Shimbun" except for the headline. The photo in the article is "A horse born in Nemuro that is viewed by noble people", which is different from the rice riots. The administrator copied and photographed the Asahi Shimbun "Kikuzo II". 2019.8.8
●騒擾と実弾使用
今回の騒擾事件に関し群衆鎮撫の為め派遣せられたる衛戍軍隊が実弾を使用せし結果群衆側に多数の死傷者を生じたるに就き某陸軍当局は曰く騒擾事件に関する報告は文書としては未だ到着し居らざるも各地より其都度概略を打電し来れるものに就て見るに鎮撫に向ひたる軍隊が実弾を使用し群衆に死傷を生ずるに至らしめたるは事実なり今一々記憶に存せざるも山口県下宇部炭坑の暴動に際し其事ありたるは電報報告にて承知せり斯かる場合に於て空砲を使用すべし実弾は使用すべからずといふが如きことなし勿論緊急已むを得ざる防衛の程度を超えて徒らに兵器を使用するは可なる所以を見ざるも宇部暴動の際の如きは坑夫が盛んに爆弾を投じ危険言ふ許りなかりしを以て派遣部隊も遂に最後の非常手段に出でたるなるべし云々
『東京朝日新聞』大正7年（1918）8月24日4面
4 pages of "The Tokyo Asahi Shimbun" August 24, The Taisho7/1918
"Turmoil and a shoot of live ammunition"
The content of the article is the same as the above-mentioned "The Osaka Asahi Shimbun".
『報知新聞』 "The Hochi Sinbun"
"Hochi Shimbun" Taisho 7 (1918) August 23, 2nd page. The description is different from "Osaka Asahi Shimbun" and "Tokyo Asahi Shimbun". The map in the article is a layout of Japanese and enemy troops in the Ussuri region of Siberian intervention, which is different from the rice riots. The administrator copied and partially photographed the microfilm in the newspaper library of the National Diet Library. 2019.8.8
「軍隊銃殺事件」（記事の見出し）
陸軍当局側弁明
地方長官の請求に因り米騒動鎮圧の目的を以て出動せる軍隊中群衆に向って実弾を発射し或は銃剣を揮って多数の死傷者を出さしめたることは聖代の恨事にして当局を批難する聲随って囂（かま）びすしきが右に関し陸軍当局の談に曰く実弾発射の已む無きに至りたる地方は各報告に徴するに山口県宇部炭鉱及豊前の某炭鉱の二箇所に過ぎず此は米騒動と言はんより寧ろ暴動に属し鎮圧せんとする軍隊に爆弾を投じ極力反抗せる為め正当防衛上実弾発射の挙に出でたるものにて四囲の情況よりして余儀なきものと思惟す又銃剣にて肺部を突き死に致らしめたりといふが如きことあらば是れ亦同様の事情に基けるものと考へられる当局は軍隊出動に対し此騒動の原因が国民生活の根本たる米にある以上多大の同情を有（も）ち極めて穏当に臨むべしとの訓電を発したれば何等の危険行為に出でざる者に対し殊更に不穏の措置を執るべき筈無し云々
『報知新聞』大正7（1918）8月23日2面
"The Army shooting to death case" (Article headline)
An explanation of the Army authorities
Among the troops dispatched for the purpose of suppressing the rice riot at the request of the local government secretary, there was a unit that fired the live ammunitions toward the crowd. In addition, the troops used a bayonet to cause numerous casualties. Therefore, this incident became very disappointing case under the rule of the Emperor, and the voice of criticizing the Army authorities has become loud. Army officials said in a discourse to base on comparison of reports about the incidents that there were only two locations in the area where it was unavoidably fired, the Ube Coal Mine in Yamaguchi Prefecture and a certain coal mine in Buzen. The mob threw a bomb at the army trying to subdue them and rebelled strongly. For that reason, the army took action to fire a live fire for a legitimate defense. Army officials believe that the live fire was inevitable due to the surrounding circumstances. Also, if a soldier stabbed the lungs with a bayonet and killed a mob, it is considered that this is also based on similar circumstances. Army officials issued a warning to the troops to be dispatched that they should be act extremely modest with great sympathy for the crowd, as the cause of this rice riots is rice, which is the root of people's lives. Therefore, the dispatched troops cannot ought to take excessively terrible measures against those who do not perform any dangerous actions.
"Hochi-Shimbun" Taisho 7 (1918) August 23, 2nd page
2020.5.21更新
≪質問≫『大阪朝日新聞』の記事は、陸軍が虚偽談話をし、新聞を利用して世論操作をした蓋然性が高い。この記事のどの部分が虚偽なのか、なぜ虚偽が必要だったのか考えてみよう。さらに新聞報道の真偽をどのようにして見極めたらよいか考えてみよう。
『大阪朝日新聞』の記事と前記の『宇部時報』、『馬關毎日新聞』、『防長新聞』、判決文（高野義祐『米騒動記』）の記載を比較して考えてみよう。
≪Question≫ The article in “Osaka Asahi Shimbun” is a false discourse by the Army, and it is highly probable that the Army used the newspaper to manipulate public opinion. Think about what part of this article is false and why it was necessary. Furthermore, let's think about how to determine the authenticity of newspaper reports.
Let's compare the article in "The Osaka Asahi Shimbun" with the above-mentioned "The Ube Shikiho", "The Bakan Mainichi Shimbun", "The Bocho Shimbun", and the sentence of Judgment (Takano Yoshisuke's "The rice riot chronicle").
2020.5.21
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